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BIO 322- Anatomy & Physiology Lab > Exam 2/Quiz 6- Respiratory Physiology > Flashcards

Exam 2/Quiz 6- Respiratory Physiology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Which primary bronchus is more vertical and bigger?

A

Right primary bronchus

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2
Q

What is the epithelial lining of the trachea called?

A

Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium

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3
Q

Pulmonary Ventilation (Breathing)

A

Movement of air into and out of the lungs

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4
Q

External Respiration

A

Exchange of O2 and CO2 between lungs and the blood (in the pulmonary circuit) across the respiratory membrane

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5
Q

Describe the partial pressure of oxygen during external respiration. Partial pressure of CO2? What does this cause?

A
  • The partial pressure of oxygen is higher in the alveoli than in the blood within the pulmonary capillaries
  • The partial pressure of CO2 is lower in the alveoli than in the blood within the pulmonary capillaries.
  • This causes oxygen to diffuse into the pulmonary capillaries, and CO2 diffuses into the alveoli.
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6
Q

Transport of Gases

A

O2 and CO2 carried by the blood between the lungs and all tissues

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7
Q

Internal Respiration

A

Exchange of O2 and CO2 between the blood the body cells (in the systemic circuit)

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8
Q

Describe the partial pressure of oxygen during internal respiration. Partial pressure of CO2? What does this cause?

A
  • The partial pressure of oxygen is higher in the blood within the systemic capillaries than in the peripheral tissues
  • The partial pressure of CO2 is lower in the blood within the systemic capillaries than in the peripheral tissues
  • This causes oxygen to diffuse into the peripheral tissues, and CO2 diffuses into the systemic capillaries.
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9
Q

Dalton’s Law

A

Total pressure of a gas mixture is equal to the partial pressures of all the individual gases in the compound

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10
Q

______ is the abundant gas in the atmosphere.

A

Nitrogen

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11
Q

During respiration, O2 and CO2 will move from a region of ____ _____ to a region of _____ _____.

A

high pressure/low pressure

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12
Q

Boyle’s Law

A

Pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume

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13
Q

During normal/quiet inspiration what is happening to the:

  1. Volume
  2. Pressure Outside/Inside Lungs
  3. Rib Cage
  4. Rib Muscles
  5. Diaphragm
  6. Resulting from the pressure changes outside the lungs, air moves where?
A
  1. Volume Increases
  2. Pressure outside the lungs > Pressure inside the lungs
  3. Rib Cage Expands
  4. Rib Muscles Contract
  5. Diaphragm Contracts (Moves Down/Flattens)
  6. Since the pressure outside the lungs rise, air flows inside the lungs
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14
Q

During normal expiration what is happening to the:

  1. Volume
  2. Pressure Outside/Inside Lungs
  3. Rib Cage
  4. Rib Muscles
  5. Diaphragm
  6. Resulting from the pressure changes inside the lungs, air moves where?
A
  1. Volume Decreases

2. Pressure outside the lungs

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15
Q

What muscles are involved in forced inspiration?

A
  1. Sternocleidomastoid
  2. Scalenes
  3. Pectoralis Minor
  4. External Intercostals
  5. Diaphragm
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16
Q

What muscles are involved in forced expiration?

A
  1. Internal Intercostals

2. Abdominal Muscles

17
Q

Before inhalation:

  1. Are the diaphragm and intercostal muscles contracted or relaxed?
  2. Air pressure outside/inside lungs
A
  1. Relaxed

2. Air pressure within lungs = outside pressure

18
Q

During inhalation:

  1. What happens to the diaphragm?
  2. What happens to the intercostal muscles?
  3. What happens to the rib cage?
  4. What happens to the thoracic cavity?
  5. What happens to the lungs?
  6. What happens to the air pressure within the lungs?
  7. Where does air go?
A
  1. Diaphragm contracts (moves downward)
  2. Intercostal muscles contract
  3. Rib cage moves upward
  4. Thoracic cavity enlarges
  5. Lungs inflate
  6. Air pressure within the lungs decreases
  7. Air flows passively into the lungs
19
Q

During exhalation:

  1. What happens to the diaphragm?
  2. What happens to the intercostal muscles?
  3. What happens to the rib cage?
  4. What happens to the thoracic cavity?
  5. What happens to the lungs?
  6. What happens to the air pressure within the lungs?
  7. Where does air go?
A
  1. Diaphragm relaxes (moves upward)
  2. Intercostal muscles relax
  3. Rib cage moves downward
  4. Thoracic cavity decreases in volume
  5. Lungs deflate
  6. Air pressure within the lungs increases
  7. Air flows passively out of the lungs
20
Q

What device is used to measure respiratory volumes?

A

Spirometer

21
Q

Vital capacity equation.

A

VC=TV+IRV+ERV

22
Q

What is breathing rate controlled by?

A

respiratory centers in the medulla oblongata

23
Q

Where are the chemoreceptors involved with breathing rate located in?

A

respiratory centers in the medulla oblongata

24
Q

What do the chemoreceptors in the respiratory centers in the medulla oblongata respond to?

A

respond to the changes in the pH of the blood

25
Q

What nerve innervates the diaphragm?

A

Phrenic nerve

26
Q

What nerve innervates the intercostal muscles?

A

Intercostal nerve

27
Q

What is eupnea?

A

Normal respiratory rhythm during quiet breathing

28
Q

What is/when does apnea vera occur?

A

Temporary cessation of breathing (occurs after significant voluntary hyperventilation)

29
Q

What is hypoventilation?

A

insufficient ventilation

30
Q

What is hyperventilation?

A

increased breathing rate

31
Q

If a patient is experiencing hypoventilation (insufficient ventilation):

  1. How are CO2 levels affected?
  2. How is the H+ concentration affected?
  3. How is the pH affected?
  4. What occurs to counteract this?
A
  1. CO2 levels in the blood increase
  2. H+ concentration increases
  3. pH drops
  4. Respiratory centers increase breathing rate causing hyperventilation
32
Q

If a patient is hyperventilating:

  1. How are CO2 levels affected?
  2. How is the H+ concentration affected?
  3. How is the pH affected?
  4. What occurs to counteract this?
A
  1. CO2 levels in the blood drop
  2. H+ concentration decreases
  3. pH increases
  4. Respiratory centers decrease breathing rate causing hypoventilation

BIO 322- Anatomy & Physiology Lab (9 decks)

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