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BIO 322- Anatomy & Physiology Lab > Exam 2/Quiz 5-Cardiovascular Physiology > Flashcards

Exam 2/Quiz 5-Cardiovascular Physiology Flashcards

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1
Q

Where is the heart located?

A

pericardial cavity/space within the mediastinum

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2
Q

What is the mediastinum?

A

medial cavity of the thorax

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3
Q

The apex of the heart rests on the _____.

A

diaphragm

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4
Q

Apex of heart vs. Apex of lungs

A

Apex of heart is on the bottom/lungs on top

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5
Q

What is the lining of the pericardial cavity referred to as?

A

Parietal pericardium

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6
Q

How many layers are there on the heart?

A

3

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7
Q

Which layer is known as the visceral pericardium?

A

Epicardium

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8
Q

Name the 3 layers of the heart.

A
  1. Epicardium (Visceral Pericardium)
  2. Myocardium
  3. Endocardium
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9
Q

What are the names of the 5 vessels of the CV system?

A
  1. Arteries
  2. Arterioles
  3. Capillaries
  4. Venules
  5. Vein
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10
Q

All arteries carry blood _____ from the heart.

A

away

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11
Q

All veins carry blood ____ the heart.

A

towards

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12
Q

All arteries carry Oxygenated blood except for ____ ____.

A

Pulmonary Arteries

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13
Q

All veins carry Deoxygenated blood except for _____ ____.

A

Pulmonary Veins

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14
Q

Which is thicker… artery or vein?

A

artery

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15
Q

Define Cardiac Cycle.

A

Series of events that occurs during one heartbeat

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16
Q

Define Systole.

A

A period of contraction in a heart chamber

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17
Q

Define Diastole.

A

A period of relaxation in a heart chamber

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18
Q

What is systole and diastole called clinically?

A

Ventricular Systole and Ventricular Diastole

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19
Q

When is the lubb sound made?

A

Sound heard when Atrioventricular valves close

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20
Q

When is the dupp sound made?

A

Sound heard when Semilunar valves close

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21
Q

During diastole which valves are open?

A

AV Valves

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22
Q

During systole which valves are open?

A

Semilunar Valves

23
Q

When are the lubb sounds made?

A

End of atrial Systole (contracting)

24
Q

When the dupp sounds are made is the heart contracting (systole) or relaxing (diastole)?

A

Diastole (relaxing)

25
Q

Define auscultate.

A

to listen to

26
Q

How many auscultation areas of the heart are there?

A

4

27
Q

What are the 4 auscultation areas of the heart?

A
  1. Bicuspid Area
  2. Tricuspid Area
  3. Aortic Semilunar Area
  4. Pulmonary Semilunar Area
28
Q

Name the 6 steps of the cardiac cycle.

A
  1. Atrial Systole Begins
  2. Atrial Systole Ends/Atrial Diastole Begins
  3. Ventricular Systole- First Phase
  4. Ventricular Systole- Second Phase
  5. Ventricular Diastole- Early
  6. Ventricular Systole- Late
29
Q

Describe the 1st Step of the Cardiac Cycle: Atrial Systole Begins

A

Atrial contraction forces a small amount of additional blood into relaxed ventricles

30
Q

Describe the 3rd Step of the Cardiac Cycle: Ventricular Systole- First Phase

A

Ventricular contraction pushes AV valves closed but does not create enough pressure to open semilunar valves

31
Q

Describe the 4th Step of the Cardiac Cycle: Ventricular Systole- Second Phase

A

As ventricular pressure rises and exceeds pressure in arteries the semilunar valves open, and blood is ejected

32
Q

Describe the 5th Step of the Cardiac Cycle: Ventricular Diastole- Early

A

As ventricles relax, pressure in ventricles drops; blood flows back against cusps of semilunar valves and forces them closed. Blood flows into relaxed atria

33
Q

Describe the 6th Step of the Cardiac Cycle: Ventricular Systole- Late

A

All chambers are relaxed. Ventricles fill passively.

34
Q

Isovolumetric Contraction means what?

A

Everything is the Same volume (all valves closed)

35
Q

Define Blood Pressure (BP).

A

Force exerted by blood on the walls of blood vessels

36
Q

Define Systolic Pressure.

A

MAXIMUM pressure inside the aorta during ventricular SYSTOLE

37
Q

Define Diastolic Pressure.

A

MINIMUM pressure inside the aorta during ventricular DIASTOLE

38
Q

BP measured is the ____ blood pressure – usually the ____ artery is used

A
  1. arterial

2. brachial

39
Q

Normal Blood pressure is:

A

120/80 mmHg (Systolic/Diastolic)

40
Q

What device is used to measure blood pressure?

A

Sphygmomanometer (Sphyg-mom-ano-meter)

41
Q

How do you get the pulse pressure?

A

Systolic pressure – Diastolic pressure

42
Q

There are 3 steps in the procedure for measuring blood pressure. For each step describe the:

  1. Procedure
  2. State of the brachial artery
  3. Sounds heard
A

STEP 1:

  • Cuff pressure inflated above systolic pressure
  • Brachial artery occluded by cuff/no blood flow
  • No sound

STEP 2:

  • Pressure in the cuff is released to below systolic but higher than diastolic
  • Blood spurts into constricted artery
  • Korotkoff sounds heard (first heard at 120mmHg)

STEP 3:

  • Pressure in cuff below diastolic
  • Blood flows freely
  • Sounds disappear (disappear at 80mmHg)
43
Q

Define Pulse.

A

Rhythmic expansion and recoil of the arteries that corresponds to the heartbeat

44
Q

At what 4 locations can the pulse be taken?

A
  1. Temporal artery
  2. Carotid artery
  3. Radial artery
  4. Popliteal artery
45
Q

Describe the path of the cardiac conduction system.

A
  1. Sinoatrial node (pacemaker)
  2. Internodal pathways (spread impulse across walls of atria and to AV node)
  3. Atrioventricular node
  4. Bundle of His Fibers
  5. Bundle fibers
  6. Purkinje fibers
46
Q

On an electrocardiogram:

What does the P wave indicate?

A

Atrial Depolarization

47
Q

On an electrocardiogram:

What does the QRS complex indicate?

A

Ventricular Depolarization

48
Q

On an electrocardiogram:

What does the T wave indicate?

A

Ventricular Repolarization

49
Q

Depolarization means what?

A

Contraction

50
Q

Repolarization means what?

A

Relaxation

51
Q

Isovolumetric contraction occurs when?

A

At the beginning of ventricular systole.

52
Q

What is the mean arterial pressure?

A

Average pressure that drives blood through the systemic circulation

53
Q

How do you calculate the mean arterial pressure (MAP)?

A

diastolic pressure + 1/3 pulse pressure

BIO 322- Anatomy & Physiology Lab (9 decks)

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