Exam 2 pre lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

how is pancreatic B cell affected in diabetes patients

A

B cells may be destroyed or stop working (decrease in function or mass)

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2
Q

what happens to incretin effect in diabetes pts

A

Diabetes patients have reduced incretin

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3
Q

a-cells contribution to diabetes

A

A cell defects. A cells help balance blood sugar by releasing glucagon to raise blood sugar

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4
Q

a cells seceret_______. How does that affect the blood sugar

A

Glucagon. This raises Blood sugar

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5
Q

Liver, muscle and adipose contribution to diabetes

A

There is a reduction in uptake in glucose in skeletal muscle
Increased lipolysis in adipose
Increased glucose production (gluconeogenesis)

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6
Q

brain contribution to diabetes

A

Increased appetite, reduced morning dopamine surge and increased sympathetic tone

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7
Q

colon/biome contribution to diabetes

A

Gut bacteria may decrease GLP-1 secretion

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8
Q

stomach/small intestine contribution to diabetes

A

increased rate of glucose absorption, quick stomach emptying =increased glucose absorption

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9
Q

kidney contribution to diabetes

A

Increased glucose reabsorption.

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10
Q

upregulation of SGLT2 can lead to

A

increased glucose absorption

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11
Q

Type 1 DM other name

A

LADA (Latent autoimmune disease of adulthood

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12
Q

Age of onset for type 1 and type 2 dm

A

Both can happen at any age, but
T1 usually <30
T2 usually >40

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13
Q

family history is seen in

A

Type 2

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14
Q

clinical presentation of T1 vs T2 diabetes

A

T1- all polys (polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia)

T2- Mild polyuria, nocturia, polydipsia, fatigue

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15
Q

Risk factors for diabetes

A

FH, obesity, race, CVD
impaired glucose tolerance
A1C 5.7-6.4
HTN (130/80)
HDL<35
TG>250
PCOS

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16
Q

levels that puts you at risk for HDL and TG

A

HDL<35
TG>250

17
Q

diagnosis levels for diabetes

A

FBG>126 x2
A1C>or= 6.5
2H-ppG>200 during OGTT
random gluc>200

Need to have 2 different tests of 1 on two separate occasions to diagnose

18
Q

Normal levels of fasting, A1C and 2-Hr OGTT

A

fasting<100
A1c<5.7
2 Hr OGTT<140
random<200

19
Q

What A1c levels are at risk for DM but not quite

A

between 5.7 and 6.4

20
Q

IFG (impaired fasting glucose) levels

A

Between 100 and 125

21
Q

IGT (impaired glucose tolerance) levels

A

2 HR OGTT between 140 and 199

22
Q

screening checks for T1 DM

A

IA-2
IA-2B
GAD (glutamic acid decarboxylase)
Zn transporter

23
Q

Screening checks for T2 DM

A

Should begin at 35 yo

(obese, pregnancy, HIV pts) repeat at 3 year intervals

24
Q

prediabetic pts should be tested for what? how frequently?

A

A1C, IGT, IFG

25
prevention tactics for T2 DM
Weight loss and physical activity Initiation of metformin in prediabetic pts
26
Non PCOL therapy for T2 DM
weight loss monitor intake and limit sugar (45 gm/meal for women and 60 gm/meal for men) Increase monounsaturated fats less than 300 mg cholesterol (less than 200 for elevated cholesterol pts)
27