Exam 2 lecture 1 Flashcards
What is the second leading cause of blindness
glaucoma
Is glaucoma life long or one and done treatment
lifelong
two different types of glaucome
Open angle vs closed angle
difference between open vs closed angle glaucoma
Open agnle- most common (90%), happens gradually over time, painless, no vision change at first
Closed angle- Occurs when iris is very close to the lens or drainage angle and blocks it. It is a medical emergency
symptoms of open angle glaucoma
No symptoms during the early stages.
patchy blind spots in peripheral vision
Dificulty seeing in central vision
3 MOA to treat open angle glaucoma and the drugs to do it
Reduce aqueous humor production
increase aqueous humor outflow
Both
Which drugs can reduce aqueous humor production
B blockers
carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
Which drugs can increase aqueous humor outflow
prostaglandin analogs
cholinergics
RHo kinase inhibitors
Which drugs can reduce aqueous humor production and increase outflow
a-2 agonists
What are some 1st line options for open angle glaucome
prostaglandin analogs
B blockers
Name prostaglandin analog drugs
all end with prost
remember generic and brand
Bimatoprost (lumigan)
Travoprost (Travaton)
Latanoprost (xalatan)
Tafluprost (zioptan)
Bimatoprost (Latisse)
Which prostaglandin analog is indicated for eyelash hypotrichosis
Bimatoprost (latisse)
MOA of prostaglandin analogs
Increase aqueous humor outflow, (reduce IOP by 30%)
Dosing of prostaglandin
1 drop QHS
warnings of prostaglandin analogs
Darjkening of iris, increase eye lash length and number
side effects of prostaglandin analogs
Blurred vision
stinging
increased pigmentation
foreign body sensation
MOA of b blockers
decrease aqueous humor production
2 types of B blockers
non selective and selective
name non selective b blockers
Timolol (timoptic)
lartelol
levobunolol
name selective b blockers
Betaxolol (betoptic)
dosing of B blockers
1 drop daily or BID
contraindications of b blockers
sinus bradychardia
2nd or 3rd degree heart block
cardiogenic shock
uncompensated cardiac failure
side effects of b blockers
stinging
blurred vision
bradycardia
breathing problems
hypotension
diziness
fatugue
impotence
is betaxolol more effective than non selective
no