Exam 2 pre lecture Flashcards
what is polyuria
frequent urination
polydipsia meaning
excessive thirst
what is polyphagia
lack of weight gain and feeling hungry
WHat are the 3 cardinal signs of diabetes
polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia
What is the mechanism leading to the 3 polys
high BG leads to glucose in urine.
This leads to excessive water loss (polyuria) leading to dehydration and polydipsia.
Inability to utilize glucose as fuel lowers BW and leads to excessive hunger
what is the criteria for diagnosis of diabetes
A1C > or = 6.5% or fasting plasma glucose (FPG) > or = 126
2-H plasma glucose of >200
random plasma glucose >200
Type 1 diabetes is also known as
Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM)
What percent of people have type I DM
10%
insulin secretion in Type I DM
no functional insulin secretion due to near complete loss of pancreatic B cells
Type I DM may cause ________
ketoacidosis
Why does T 1 DM lead to ketoacidosis
We use fatty acids for fuel leading to the production of ketoacids
Age onset of T I DM
early
what is T I DM
an autoimmune response that specifically targets pancreatic B cells
FH for T 1 DM
often negative family history
What are the two antibodies that suggest an immune response against pancreatic B cells
ICA- islet cell cytoplasmic antibodies
IAA- Insulin antibodies
how does T 1 DM appear as person ages
Early on, they have 100% BCM (Beta cell mass) and are ICA and IAA negative. presence if ICA and IAA suggest immune response to pancreatic B cell. loss of BCM is gradual and fasting blood glucose (FBG) is normal until 70% of BCM is lost.
what is OGTT, what is it used for?
Oral glucose tolerance test, we give large bolus of glucose and BG is measured. SHows hyperglycemia if BCM does not have enough insulin to bring it down.
What is C-peptide
It indicates the presence of functioning B cell mass. It is a marker for insulin secretion even if they are receiving exogenous insulin
No c-peptide= no BCM left
sensitivity vs selectivity difference
sensitivity- if someone does not have type I DM, but have IA-2 they have a 57% chance of developing it
selectivity- 99% of T 1 DM have antibodies against IA-2
T 2 diabetes % of diabetic population
90
T 2 DM is also known as_________ and can be classified into _______ and ________
non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
can be classified into obese and non-obese
percentage of obese T 2 DM pts
80%- obese, 10% non-obese
non obese T 2 DM is often referred to as
MODY (maturity onset diabetes of young)
Why is T2 DM referred to as MODY
age of onset is below 25