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Therapeutics P2 > Exam 1 Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Formula for IBW

A

Men: 50+ (2.3 x inches over 60’’)

women: 45.5 + (2.3 x inches over 60’’)

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2
Q

Nutritional body weight formula?

A

IBW+0.25(wt-IBW)

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3
Q

When to use NBW when calculating fluid, electrolyte and nutrition parameters?

A

If actual body weight is >130% of IBW

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4
Q

when calculating for electrolyte and nutrition parameters, if ABW is below IBW, what do we use?

A

Actual

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5
Q

isotonic range

A

275-290 mOsm/L (same concentration of active solute as extracellular fluid)

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6
Q

Hypotonic solution range

A

less than 275

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7
Q

Hypertonic range

A

> 290

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8
Q

How to calculate total osmolarity?

A

Osmolarity of IV solution + osmolarity of added electrolytes

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9
Q

Calculate osmolarity of 1 L of 0.45% NaCl with 20 mEq kcl (osmolarity of 0.45 NaCl= 154) (osmolarity of KCl =2)

A

154+ (20*2)= 194

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10
Q

How to calculate MIVF requirements per day

A

30-40 ml/kg/day (normal amount needed over 24 hours)

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11
Q

How to calculate rate of MIVF

A

divide the MIVF by 24

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12
Q

what are the two types of fluid

A

crystalloids
colloids

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13
Q

Difference in the tonicity between crystalloids and colloids

A

crystalloids- hypotonic, isotonic, hypertonic

colloids- hypertonic

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14
Q

Give examples of colloids

A

Blood, plasmanate, albumin

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15
Q

Examples of crystalloids

A

NS, 1/2 NS, D5W LR

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16
Q

What are the use of crystalloids

A

-Provide water and or sodium
-maintain osmotic gradient between intravascular and extravascular compartments

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17
Q

Use of NS (0.9 NaCl) in therapy

A

Resuscitation fluid (IVF replacement)
Na or Cl replacement

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18
Q

place of 1/2 NaCl in therapy

A

Used for maintenance fluid (combination fluid)

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19
Q

Name fluids used for resuscitation

A

NS, LR, normosol

20
Q

Resuscitation is used for patients that have which characteristics

A

Hypovolemic
low BP
bleeding

21
Q

What can never be used as maintenance fluid

A

NS

22
Q

Place of LR (lactated ringer) in therapy

A

-Replicates blood (used as replacement for blood loss)

-approximates human plasma

-used for resuscitation (low BP and hypovolemia)

23
Q

place of D5W in therapy

A

Free h20 replacement

24
Q

Can D5W ever be used as a resuscitative fluid?

A

No

25
Q

Can D5w ever be MIVF by itself?

A

No

26
Q

What are the uses of balanced salt solutions

A

They are crystalloid solutions that contain chloride and buffer, helping maintain acid/base status and PH of system

27
Q

examples of balanced salt solutions

A

Normosol/plasma-lyte
LR

28
Q

Normal range of sodium in our body

A

(usually 140, but 135-145 is normal)

29
Q

normal range of chlorine in body

A

100

30
Q

Levels of Na and Cl in NS

A

154 na 154 cL

31
Q

Why does normal saline cause acidosis

A

Higher content of Na and Cl than blood. Leads to more acidity

32
Q

Use of colloids

A

Used to increase plasma oncotic pressure

33
Q

how do colloids increase oncotic pressure

A

By moving fluid from interstitial compartment to intravascular compartment

34
Q

why are colloids called plasma expanders

A

because they move fluid from interstitial to intravascular (plasma)

35
Q

we use colloids for volume explansion T/F

A

True

36
Q

what are colloids used in

A

Hemorrhagic shock (bleeding)
Hypovolemic shock

37
Q

1st line and second line of treatment for hypovolemic shock (low BP)

A

1st line- resuscitative crystalloids (LR, normosol, plasma-lyte)

2nd Colloids

38
Q

What are the two different albumins that we can use

A

5% and 25%

39
Q

Difference in use between 5% and 25 % albumin

A

5%- hypovolemic or intravascularly depleted patients (low protein, high fluid content)
25%- fluid and/or sodium restricted patinets (small vial (50 ml) with high protein)

40
Q

When to use blood in theraoy

A

Acute blood loss
inadequate resuscitation from flluids
pre-op
low hemoglobin

41
Q

Normal range for hemoglobin. Low hemoglubin range

A

12-14 is normal

low range less than 7-8

42
Q

by how much g/dl does hemoglubin increase with 1 unit of blood

A

1

43
Q

most common MIVF

A

D5w+ 1/2NS+20meq KCl/l

44
Q

what are some signs of dehydration

A

Decreased skin turgor
delayed capillary refill
dry mucus membranes
hypotension

45
Q

we consider a person to be dehydrated when U/O (urine output) is

A

less than 0.5 ml/kg/hr

46
Q
A

Therapeutics P2 (41 decks)

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