Exam 2 lecture 4 Flashcards
What is resting pulse pressure
SBP-DDBP
Resting pulse pressure markers
> 40 is unhealthy
60 is a risk factor for heart disease
Are age and genders a factor for HTN
yes
Who has lower SBP when younger
women
who has higher SBP when older
women
What happens to BP as we age
Increases
Age and sex affect on BP
Women have lower SBP at a younger age, higher when older, Old people have higher BP
parameters for HTN
Cardiac output (CO) lowers as we age
Peripheral resistance- increases as we age
Two classifications of HTN
primary and secondary
difference between primary and secondary HTN
primary is more common (90 percent)
risk factors for HTN
FH
age
diabetes
obesity
diet
lack of exercise
alcohol
biggest cause of secondary HTN
CKD
what are some causes of secondary HTN
ABCDE
aldosterone
Bad kidney
cushings
drugs
endocrine disorders
How interrelated are HTN and DM
Lifestyles that lead to HTN also lead to diabetes
strategies for lowering of risk of HTN for elevated BP (120-129/<80)
Non-pcol, reassess in 3-6 months
strategies for lowering of risk of HTN for stage 1 (130-139/80-89)
If ASCVD<10 non pcol, reassess in 3-6 months
If ASCVD > or = 10 pcol and non col, reassess in 1 month
strategies for lowering of risk of HTN for stage 2 (140-149/90+)
pcol and nonpcol, reassess in 3-6 months if goals are met
LSM to reduce BP
-Lose 10 kg (will reduce 5-20 mm hg)
-adopt DASH (dietary approach to stop HTN) (8-14 mm hg)
-Increased physical activity (4-9 mm hg)
Na decrease (2-8 mm hg)
moderate alc consumption (2-3 mm hg)
effect of single drug therapy 8-14
in HTN, weightloss and DASH is considered comparable to pills
Yes
Race with most HTN
non hispanic blacks
How do we calculate BP
BP= CO x TPR
cardiac output
toral peripheral resistance
how to calculate CO
SV x HR
stroke volume x heart rate
what is SV determined by (Stroke volume)
-Cardiac contractility
-venous return to heart
-resistance the left ventricle must overcome to eject blood into aorta
how is contractility affected by catecholamines?
Increased catecholamines lead to increased contractility (so increased stroke volume)