Exam 2 - Pediatric ortho diagnoses Flashcards
What is nursemaid’s elbow?
There is displacement of the annular ligament between radius and ulna
- From swinging child by arms or pull on kids arm to get them to go with you
How would the child present if they have nursemaid’s elbow?
Non painful at first, but will begin to endorse pain after awhile
- Won’t let anyone move their arm
- Don’t want to use their affected arm
- Might hold in flexed position (won’t let anyone pull elbow down)
Physical exam findings with nursemaid’s elbow
- Tenderness to palpation at radial head
- Resistance with supination
Slipped capital femoral epiphyses management
Non weight bearing
- More common in overweight males
What is Legg Calve-Perthes?
Avascular necrosis of the head of femur
How would a child present if they have Legg Calve-Perthes?
- Presents with hip pain
- Seen with trendelenburg sign
What commonly causes osteomyelitis in children?
Break in skin where pathogens can enter and end up infecting the bone
What is congenital vertical talus?
Extreme flat foot
What is talipes equinovarus?
Clubfoot
What is metatarsus adductus?
Top of foot points inward
What is calcaneovalgus foot?
Foot is in extreme dorsiflexion
Causes of leg limp in children
- Leg length inequality
- Development dysplasia of hip
- SCFE
- Etc.
Antalgic gait
Shortened stance due to pain in extremity or spine
Trendelenburg gait
Abductor lurches, so there is shifting of the trunk and shoulders to effected side
- From hip cause
Equinus gait
Instead of heel striking the foot first, the front of the food strikes first
- Causes: contracture of heel, leg length discrepancy
Circumduction gait
Leg swings out
- Cause: leg is longer, spasticity
Common sites of overuse injury in pediatrics
Little League shoulder
- Proximal humeral epiphysiolysis
- Varus overload of elbow
Overuse injury management
Rest (children are skeletally immature)
What causes Osgood-Schlatter disease?
Seen in knees of children who underwent rapid growth over months
- Swelling and pain over tibial tubercle
Osgood-Schlatter management
Typically goes away on its own in 12-18 months (when they stop growing)
- NSAIDs
What is patellofemoral syndrome? How would you manage this?
Anterior knee pain
- NSAIDs
- Rest
- Quadricep strengthening
