Exam 2: Neurologic Disorders Flashcards
When in neural tube development?
first 3 to 4 wks gestation
Why is a babies brain at an increased risk for hemorrhage?
bc it is highly vascular
A child is at high risk for cervical spine injury why?
Spinal cord is mobile
True of False in a child’s neurological system their myelination isn’t complete.
true
What is hypotonia and who is it often seen in?
decreased muscle tone; down syndrome.
What is trauma or hypoxia to the brain or spinal cord known as?
neurologic insult
name the state of consciousness: limited responses to the environment, falls asleep unless stimulation is provided.
obtunded
name the state of consciousness: child cannot be aroused, even with painful stimuli
coma
name the state of consciousness: awake, alert, oriented x3, age appropriate behaviors.
full consciousness
name the state of consciousness: only responds to vigorous stimulation.
stupor
name the state of consciousness: disorientation exists, alert but responds inappropriately to questions.
confusion
what are the three categories of the Glasgow coma scale? what is it used for?
eye, verbal, motor responses; to define child’s LOC
Fluoroscopy and cerebral angiography are both used to ?
look at blood flow in the brain
True or False if patient is heavily sedated EEG are unless.
true
What position should a patient receiving a lumbar puncture be placed in?
side-lying, with legs pulled up and head bent down onto the chest.
What are some common meds to treat neuro disorders?
antibiotics, anticonvulsants, benzodiazepines, analgesics, osmotic diuretics, corticosteroids.
What are ketogenic diets?
high protein, low carb
When observing pts with neurological disorders what is the first thing we look for?
change in LOC
What are some early signs of increased ICP?
HA, vomiting, dizziness, blurred vision, decreased pulse and respirations, increased blood pressure, sunset eyes(can see white above pupils and iris), seizure. infant: bulging fontanels, wide sutures, high-pitched cry
What are some late signs of increased ICP?
decreased LOC, decreased motor and sensory responses, bradycardia, irregular respirations, cheyne-strokes respirations, decerebrate or decorticate positioning
What is hydrocephaly? what are the two classes?
diseases/disorders that cause an imbalance in the production and the absorption of CSF; obstructive/ non-communicating or non-obstructive/ communicating
What is obstructive hydrocephaly?
flow of CSF is blocked within the ventricular system
What is non-obstructive hydrocephaly?
flow of CSF is blocked after it exists from the ventricles.
What are some causes of obstructive vs non-obstructive?
meningitis, trauma, tumors; defective absorption of CSF, subarchnoid hemorrhage, intrauterine infections
What type of posture occurs with damage to the cerebral cortex?
decorticate
What type of posture occurs with damage at the level of the brain stem?
decerebrate
true or false decorticate is extension posturing.
false: flexion
true or false: in both types of posturing rigid muscle tone occurs.
true
When do you teach at an 8th grade level?
Consent or medical handbook
When do you teach to the patients level?
during clinical teaching
What are some risk factors for seizures?
family hx of epilepsy, any prenatal complications, delays in development, any recent illness, trauma, or toxin exposure.