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Nursing 3800: Pediatrics > Exam 1: Infectious & Communicable Disease > Flashcards

Exam 1: Infectious & Communicable Disease Flashcards

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1
Q

Describe the five steps of the infectious process.

A
  1. infectious agent 2. reservoir: place for agent to live 3. exit from reservoir. 3. vehicle of transmission. 4. portal of entry: mucous membranes. 5. susceptible host.
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2
Q

What is passive immunity?

A

antibodies produced in another host and given: example: breast milk

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3
Q

What type of immunity is immunizations?

A

active: foreign substance that triggers an immune response: producing antibodies.

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4
Q

What are some viral prodromal symptoms?

A

fever, malaise, HA, lack of appetite.

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5
Q

When is a person most contagious?

A

before they even know they have a virus

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6
Q

What is the first symptom of a sickness and last to go away?

A

cough

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7
Q

What are some common signs of an infection that kids usually get?

A

skin rash, vomiting and diarrhea.

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8
Q

What are some first signs of sepsis?

A

rapid RR, change in metal status, reduced alertness, confusion.

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9
Q

What is the best way to control a fever?

A

fluid management

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10
Q

When do you give patients meds for fever?

A

if they are uncomfortable and 103-104, if not eating, prone to febrile seizure.

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11
Q

After how long do you call the doctor about your child’s fever?

A

72 hours

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12
Q

How much does meds decrease a fever?

A

1-2 degrees

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13
Q

True or False: tx of a fever can prolong illness.

A

true

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14
Q

True or False if a neonate under 12 wks has a fever you should call doctor before you tx.

A

true

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15
Q

What temp is high in neonate? toddlers?

A

> 100.4 and > 105.8

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16
Q

What is the hand foot mouth disease also known as?

A

coxsackievirus: minor and short lived

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17
Q

describe the fifth disease.

A

begins with low grade fever, HA, mild cold like symptoms, illness then seems to be gone until a rash appears a few days later.

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18
Q

What disease has slap cheeks followed by fine lacy rash?

A

fifth disease

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19
Q

What is Hepatitis A caused by?

A

food-borne illness

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20
Q

What are some s/s of hep A?

A

abdominal pain, N/V, diarrhea, jaundice,

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21
Q

True or False those who have hep B you should check their GI system.

A

true

22
Q

What are some s/s of influenza?

A

fever, cough, malaise, body aches, not typical URI

23
Q

What is rubella caused by?

A

RNA virus

24
Q

What is rubella?

A

form of measles, bad rash with no tx.

25
Q

What is different about varicella (chicken pox)?

A

multiple stage of sores

26
Q

When is varicella not contagious?

A

no new lesions and all are scabbed.

27
Q

Describe shingles.

A

caused by varicella virus, usually have pain first without a rash then rash appears: unilateral and in one area, doesn’t cross midline.

28
Q

What is one of the most common causes of diarrhea?

A

rotovirus.

29
Q

What are some s/s of rotovirus?

A

fever, diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration

30
Q

True or False: Poliomyelitis is a reportable disease.

A

true

31
Q

What is measles?

A

rash caused by mobillivirus, can feel it, bright red

32
Q

What is the only way to protect from measles?

A

immunization

33
Q

what is roseola? who is it commonly seen in?

A

pink rash under the skin, really high fever but don’t act different. very common in 6-24 months.

34
Q

What happens in mumps?

A

parotid swelling.

35
Q

True or False: mumps is not a reportable disease.

A

false

36
Q

What are some concerns with mumps?

A

air way management, and can cause sterility probs in boys

37
Q

What is the number one reason for bacterial meningitis?

A

HIb

38
Q

What is meningitis? s/s?

A

inflammation of meninges of brain and spine, nuchal rigidity, change in mental status, rash, fever.

39
Q

what disease is very common in kids under 5 and college kids?

A

meningoccus: rash

40
Q

What stages is pertussis(whooping cough) contagious?

A

1 and 2

41
Q

True or False: pertussis is a reportable disease and patient should be isolated until ATB complete.

A

true

42
Q

Describe stage 1, 2, and 3 of pertussis

A

1: cold symptoms 7-14 days
2: violent, dry, hacking cough 30 days
3: harsh, dry cough can continue

43
Q

True or False: lyme disease is caused by spirochete which is transmitted by tick.

A

true

44
Q

Describe stages of lyme disease.

A

1: malaise, fatigue, HA, stiff neck, joint pains, bulls eye rash
2: pain and swelling of joints especially knees
3: CNS changes

45
Q

True or false: in lyme disease you always see the rash where the tick bit you.

A

false

46
Q

True or false: most ppl recover from west nile virus.

A

true

47
Q

What are some preventable measures for west nile virus?

A

clothing at dusk, repellants, eliminate standing water areas

48
Q

What are some ways to get tetanus?

A

spore in soil, dust, excretions of animals

49
Q

True or false: tetanus causes contractions of all muscles.

A

true

50
Q

True or false: if your child has lice it is important you only treat the child’s hair and their room.

A

false: treat the whole house.

51
Q

What is reye’s syndrome?

A

rash, vomiting, liver damage cause unknown, associated with giving aspirin to tx fever.

52
Q

What is encephalitis? s/s?

A

inflammation of brain tissue; personality changes, seizures, weakness.

Nursing 3800: Pediatrics (14 decks)

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