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Spinal Anatomy Fall 2015 > Exam 2- Lumbar Spine > Flashcards

Exam 2- Lumbar Spine Flashcards

1
Q

What parts of the vertebrae may be used to distinguish L1-L4 from L5

A

Vertebral body, pedicle, articular process, transverse process, spinous process

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2
Q

What is the generic shape of the typical lumbar vertebral body from the cranial view

A

Reniform or kidney-shaped

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3
Q

What would be the direction of the lumbar curve based on osseous features

A

Anterior (lordotic)

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4
Q

What accounts for the direction of the lumbar curve

A

The vertebral body and intervertebral disc have a greater anterior height than posterior height

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5
Q

What is the effect of aging on the vertebral body of a lumbar vertebrae

A

Decrease in height, increase in circumference

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6
Q

How many fibrous syndesmosis joints surfaces are on a typical lumbar vertebral body

A

4

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7
Q

How many joint surfaces are present on the vertebral body of a typical lumbar

A

6

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8
Q

How many synovial joints surfaces are present on the vertebral body of a typical lumbar

A

None

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9
Q

How many cartilaginous symphysis joints are on a typical lumbar vertebral body

A

Two

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10
Q

How many fibrous syndesmosis joints surfaces are on a typical lumbar vertebral body

A

4

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11
Q

What muscles attach to the first lumbar vertebral body

A

Psoas major and minor

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12
Q

What muscle attaches to from the second down to the fourth lumbar vertebral body

A

Psoas major

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13
Q

Psoas minor will only attach to the vertebral body of which segments

A

T12, L1

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14
Q

What is the. Name given to ligaments that attach the vertebral body to articular process

A

Transforaminal ligaments

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15
Q

What ligaments attach thee vertebral body to the transverse process

A

Corportransverse ligaments

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16
Q

What corporotransverse ligaments are identified

A

Superior and inferior corporotransverse ligaments

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17
Q

Which segments of the spine are more prone to variation in morphology

A

L1 and L5

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18
Q

What are the types of Hofmann ligaments

A

Anterior, posterior and lateral Hofmann ligaments and proximal root sleeve ligaments

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19
Q

Hofmann ligaments are identified in which regions along the vertebral column

A

Cervical-upper thoracic region and lumbar region

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20
Q

Cervical-upper thoracic Hofmann ligaments will attach what structures together

A

Dura mater to segments above

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21
Q

What is the highest level known to demonstrate Hofmann ligaments

A

C6

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22
Q

What is the proposed function of the cervical-upper thoracic Hofmann ligaments

A

Resist caudal movement of the dural sac; resist gravitational forces on the dura and cord

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23
Q

Lumbar Hofmann ligaments will attach what structures together

A

Dura mater to lower segment levels

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24
Q

What is the proposed function of the lumbar Hofmann ligaments

A

Resist cranial movement of the dural sac during flexion

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25
Q

What is the proposed function of the proximal nerve root sleeve ligament

A

Resist displacement of the peripheral nerve system in the intervertebral foramen

26
Q

What is the orientation of the pedicle in a typical lumbar

A

Posterior

27
Q

The pedicle attaches at what location on the vertebral body of a typical lumbar

A

To the upper third or half of the vertebral body

28
Q

What ligaments attaches on the lamina of a typical lumbar

A

Ligamentum flavum

29
Q

What joint classifications will be associated with the ligamentum flavum attachment

A

Fibrous syndesmosis joint

30
Q

What osseous conditions of the lumbar vertebrae facilitated a spinal tap in this region

A

Overlap of the lamina, shingling, diminishes: overlap of spinous processes, imbrication, diminishes

31
Q

What is the outline of the vertebral foramen of a typical lumbar vertebrae

A

Triangular

32
Q

Which is the greatest diameter of the vertebral foramen of a typical lumbar vertebrae

A

Triangular

33
Q

Which is the greatest diameter of the vertebral foramen of typical lull bars

A

Transverse

34
Q

How does the size of the vertebral foramen differ along the spine

A

Cervicals have the greatest size, lumbar support next, thoracics are the smallest

35
Q

What part of the central nerve system is present in the lumbar spine

A

The conus medullaris is typically present in the vertebral foramen of L1

36
Q

What part of the peripheral nerve system is present in the lumbar spine

A

The Cauda equina is typically present in the vertebral foramina of L2-L4

37
Q

Beginning with the L1 transverse process, what is the generic direction and relative length of each succeeding lumbar transverse process

A

Each transverse process is directed straight lateral and increase in length from L1-L3. L4 then begins to decrease in length

38
Q

What is the name of the elevation near the origin of the lumbar transverse process

A

Accessory process

39
Q

A styloid process occurs with what frequency and as a result of what condition

A

7% occurrence as a result of congenital elongation of the lumbar accessory process

40
Q

What ligament will attach to the lumbar accessory process

A

Mammillo-accessory ligament

41
Q

What parts of a vertebra are attached via the mammillo-accessory ligament

A

The mammillary process and accessory process of the same segment

42
Q

What was beleived to be entrapped by the mammillo-accessory ligament

A

The medial branch of the dorsal ramus of a lumbar spinal nerve

43
Q

What muscles attach to the lumbar accessory process

A

Longissimus thoracis and intertransversarii

44
Q

What muscles mat attach to the transverse process of a typical lumbar vertebrae

A

Psoas major, quadratus lumborum, longissimus thoracis, rotator brevis and longus and intertransversarii

45
Q

What ligaments attach to the transverse process of a typical lumbar vertebrae

A

The lumbocostal, mammillo-accessory and Intertransverse ligaments

46
Q

What joint classifications are present at the transverse process of a typical lumbar

A

Fibrous syndesmosis

47
Q

What are the posterior elements of the vertebra

A

Zygapophysis, lamina and spinous process

48
Q

What are the anterior elements of the vertebra

A

Vertebral body and pedicle

49
Q

What is the orientation of the typical lumbar superior articular facet

A

BUM; concave

50
Q

What is the orientation of the typical lumbar inferior articular facet

A

FoLD; convex

51
Q

What muscles will attach to the mammillary process

A

Multifidis and interreansversarii

52
Q

What ligament will attach to the lumbar superior articular process and transverse process

A

Mammillo-accessory ligament

53
Q

What was beleived to be entrapped by the mammillo-accessory ligament

A

The medial branch of the dorsal ramus of the lumbar spinal nerve

54
Q

What additional ligaments are said to attach to lumbar articular processes

A

Transforaminal ligaments

55
Q

What is the joint classification for the typical lumbar zygapophysis

A

Synovial plane

56
Q

How many synovial joints are present on a typical lumbar vertebra

A

4

57
Q

What is the position of the lumbar zygapophysis in children

A

Lies in the coronal plane

58
Q

What is the position of the lumbar zygapophysis in adults

A

Saggital plane for L1/L2, L2/L3 AND L3/L4

Coronal plane for L4/L5 sand L5/S1

59
Q

What is the name given to zygapophyses between vertebral couples that lie in the same plane

A

Joint symmetry

60
Q

What names are given to the condition in which one zygapophysis of a vertebral couple lies in the coronal plane or position and the other zygapophysis lies in the Sagittal plane or position

A

Joint asymmetry or joint tropism

61
Q

What are the names of the condition in which the typical lumbar spinous process increases in length due to the aging process

A

Baastrups syndrome or “kissing Spines”

62
Q

What muscles will attach to the typical lumbar spinous process

A

Latissimus dorsi, serratus posterior inferior, iliocostalis lumborum, longissimus thoracis, spinalis thoracis, multifidis, rotator longus and brevis and interspinalis

Spinal Anatomy Fall 2015 (29 decks)

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