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Spinal Anatomy Fall 2015 > Exam 2- Atypical Cervical Vertebra > Flashcards

Exam 2- Atypical Cervical Vertebra Flashcards

1
Q

What features are lacking at C1

A

Vertebral body, pedicles, a spinous process and the intervertebral disc

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2
Q

What muscle attaches to the anterior arch of C1

A

Longus Colli

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3
Q

What ligaments will attach to the anterior arch of C1

A

The ALL, anterior Atlanto-occipital and anterior Atlanto-axial ligaments

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4
Q

What is observed on the back of the anterior arch of C1

A

The fovea dentis

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5
Q

What is the morphology of the superior articular facet of C1

A

They are elliptical, closer together in front and often demonstrate an elevation subdividing the facet surface into two separate surfaces

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6
Q

What is the orientation of the superior articular facet of C1

A

BUM

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7
Q

What is the joint classification of the Atlanto-occipital zygapophysis

A

Synovial ellipsoidal joint

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8
Q

What are the morphologic characteristics of the inferior articular facet of C1

A

Asymmetrical, slightly concave or flattened

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9
Q

What is the orientation of the inferior articular facet of C1

A

BMD

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10
Q

What is the joint classification of the Atlanto-axial zygapophysis

A

Synovial plane joint

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11
Q

What is the name of the rounded elevation on the medial aspect of the lateral mass of C1

A

Tubercle of the transverse atlantal ligament

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12
Q

What muscles attach to the lateral mass of C1

A

Lavator scapula, splenius cervicis and rectus capitis anterior

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13
Q

What is the contribution of the posterior arch to the circumference of C1

A

40%

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14
Q

What part of C1 represents the spinous process

A

Posterior tubercle of the posterior arch

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15
Q

What is the distance from the posterior tubercle of the posterior arch to the skin in each gender

A

Male: 50mm
Female: 37mm

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16
Q

What attaches to the posterior tubercle of the posterior arch of C1

A

Rectus capitis posterior minor muscle and ligamentum nuchae

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17
Q

What attaches to the arcuate rim of C1

A

The posterior Atlanto-occipital ligament

18
Q

Ossificaiton of the free margin of the posterior atlanto-occipital ligament results in which atypical bone classification

A

Accessory bone

19
Q

What is the earliest age of development where ossification of the anterior free margin of the posterior antlanto-occipital ligament was observed

A

About the age of 7

20
Q

What may be formed by ossification of the anterior free margin of the posterior Atlanto-occipital ligament

A

A partial ponticulus posticus or complete ponticulus posticus

21
Q

What other name may be used to identify a ponticulus posticus

A

Kimmerle’s anaomaly

22
Q

What names are given to the opening formed by the ponticulus posticus

A

Arcuate foramen or retroarticular canal

23
Q

Ponticulus posticus has been observed in what ethnic populations

A

All ethnic populations studied this fare

24
Q

What is the general range of incidence of ponticulus posticus in the populations studied

A

1%-41%

25
Q

What is the gender bias now associated with ponticulus posticus

A

Female

26
Q

What is the location of the “zygapophysis” relative to the Atlanto-occipital and Atlanto-axial interverterbal foramen

A

It forms part of the anterior boundary of the intervertebral foramen in both cases

27
Q

What are the osseous parts of the transverse process of C1

A

Costal element, posterior tubercle, true transverse process

28
Q

What osseous parts of the transverse process are absent at C1

A

Anterior tubercle and costotransverse bar

29
Q

What muscles attach to the transverse process of C1

A

Rectus capitis anterior, rectus capitis lateralis, middle scalene, lavator scapula, splenius cervicis, obliquus capitis inferior and intertransversarri muscles

30
Q

What suboccipital muscles are known to have fascial projections attaching to the spinal dura

A

Rectus capitis posterior minor, rectus capitis posterior major, obliquus capitis inferior

31
Q

What are the connections between suboccipital muscles and the spinal dura called

A

Myodural bridges

32
Q

What are the lateral bridges of atlas connected to

A

The lateral mass and the transverse process of atlas

33
Q

What opening is identified when a complete lateral bridge is formed

A

The retrotransverse foramen

34
Q

Wha are the possible contents of the retrotransverse foramen

A

The vertebral artery, a branch from the suboccipital nerve and veins communicating with the venous sinuses of the neck

35
Q

Which of the ponticles of atlas is only observed in humans

A

Lateral bridges

36
Q

What is observed in the transverse foramen of C1

A

Vertebral artery, vertebral venous plexus, postganglionic sympathetic motor nerve fibers

37
Q

What is the gender variation of measurements of the transverse diameter of C1

A

Male: 78mm
Females: 72mm

38
Q

What is the distance from the posterior tubercle of the transverse process of C1 to the skin for each gender

A

A little over 30mm for both males and females

39
Q

What joint classifications are observed at C1

A

Fibrous syndesmosis joint, synovial ellipsoidal joint, synovial pivot joint and synovial plane joint

40
Q

How many synovial joint surfaces are observed at C1

A

Five

41
Q

What is the name of the first cervical vertebra

A

Atlas

Spinal Anatomy Fall 2015 (29 decks)

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