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Environmental Lit > Exam #2 Lit and Class Notes > Flashcards

Exam #2 Lit and Class Notes Flashcards

1
Q

What does EWG stand for?

A

Environmental Working Group

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2
Q

What is an endocrine disruptor?

A

Radically alters hormonal processes in the body

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3
Q

What are PFAS aka Forever Chemicals?

A
  • Chemicals that do no break down in the environment over time
  • they are human made
  • Short Chain vs Long Chain: Some PFAS chemicals will filter out short chain, but intensify long chain
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4
Q

What is the only way to effectively filter PFAS?

A

reverse osmosis

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5
Q

Essentialism

A

Assuming someone’s identity gives them a quality that is intrinsic to them; a particular group has an innate/inherent/biological property

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6
Q

What number of the world’s critically poor are Indigenous?

A

1/3

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7
Q

Ethnobiology

A

Study of life through ethnographic traditions

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8
Q

Bioprospecting

A

treating human and non human nature as raw resources; aka biopiracy

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9
Q

Connective Ontology

A

Indigenous belief systems that recognize the interconnectedness of all things

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10
Q

Ontology

A

the study of being/existence

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11
Q

Epistemology

A

the study of knowledge; how we know; forms of knowledge

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12
Q

Anamism

A

system of beliefs that views everything as alive

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13
Q

Ethnography

A

Observing, participating in, and representing indigenous cultures; developed out of social sciences and tends to be made up of interviews, focus groups, and/or questions

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14
Q

Divestment

A

-making entities stop investing in neocolonialism
- making companies stop investing in fossil fuels

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15
Q

Neocolonialism

A

a new kind of colonization through global capitalism

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16
Q

Decolonization

A

ask institutions to actively negate policies that give unfair advantages to certain groups and harm others

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17
Q

IMF

A

-international monetary fund
- Post WW2 countries had to adapt to capitalism

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18
Q

When was Awake: A Dream from Standing Rock released?

A

2017

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19
Q

What is Awake (2017) about?

A
  • A documentary about the encampment and protesting at the Dakota Access Pipeline
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20
Q

Who wrote and narrated Awake (2017)?

A

Floris White Bull

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21
Q

Who wrote Black Women and the Wilderness and when was it published?

A
  • written by Evelyn White
  • published 1999
22
Q

What is Black Women and the Wilderness about?

A
  • The fears black women may have of being exposed to harm if they go into the wilderness
  • Genetic memory of ancestral trauma such as colonialism, slavery, and lynchings
  • unconscious feelings about nature
  • Environmental racism
23
Q

Who wrote Coda: Wilderness Letter and when was it published?

A

-Written by Wallace Stegner
- published 1960/69?

24
Q

What is Stegner’s Wilderness Letter About?

A
  • Wilderness as an idea
  • wilderness as a concept is free from people, but actual wilderness has human influence
  • Wilderness as an intangible spiritual resource
  • We need the availability of wilderness; even when one is not in nature, we find comfort in knowing that it is still there
  • Stegner’s view thinks of people as seperate from nature, but also views nature as a resource for people
  • Stegner was attempting to persuade public policy
25
What is stewardship
conservation; people are stewards or caretakers of nature; knowledge and care
26
Easter Island
- Case study in systems - Demonstrates feedback loops; it is impossible to see every consequence to every action - Rapa Nui - moai: the large-headed statues - Construction of the maoi may have severely altered the ecology of the island and culture of the Rapa Nui people
27
Bioregionalism
design of community structures according to bioregions usually defined by watershed boundaries
28
Globalization
the global scale, capital drive, free market economy in which economic, commercial, political, and other activities no longer adhere to national boundaires
29
Topophilia
a strong attachment to place marked by feelings of affection and love - theorized by geographer Yi-fu Tuan and philosopher Gaston Bachelard - relates to E.O. Wilson's idea of biophilia
30
environmental determinism
position that individuals are constrained by environment and climate; physical geographies set the absolute boundaries for what social behaviors and structures can evolve
31
environmental possibilism
the level of inventive opportunism of living organisms in a place can expand or contract the set of possible social behaviors and structures
32
The Great Chain of Being `
- Medieval hierarchy - God -> men -> women-> animals-> plants ->etc
33
Who was Ota Benga?
- A Congolese man who was exhibited in the monkey house at the Bronx zoo - displayed as "less than human" - His story shows the tendency to classify human cultures as more or less evolved
34
Neomalthusian
- Thomas Malthus realized that populations grow exponentially - This discovery led to the idea of population control which is a deterministic view of population that thinks more people = more problems
35
Political Ecology
- how culture affects ecology - examines nature-society relations
36
Speciation
process by which evolution creates new species (cultural change can drive speciation)
37
What species did humans both co-evolve with, and evolve from?
hominin
38
Why did humans survive over other hominin species?
because we are social
39
Gene Culture Evolution
certain genes only turn on in certain environments
40
What is the philosophical conundrum of the environmental humanities?
Is nature natural?
41
Ideas are a reflection of what?
the age in which they were created; the form of thought is the form of the social
42
The Columbian Exchange
- case study on how applying an environmental perspective to history can rewrite its narratives - European invaders were so surprised by their success they assumed God had chosen them - it was just a dynamic, unpredictable mix of microbes, plants, animals, and humans evolving interdependently over time
43
What does Kate Rigby say about 'natural' disasters
- they spring from the nexus where environment, society, and technology come together - they occur at the interface of vulnerable people and physical hazards - they are caused by social systems generating the conditions that place people (often differentiated by class, race, gender, etc) at different levels of risk from the same hazard
44
Who wrote Alien Soil and when was it published? `
- written by Jamaica Kincaid - published 1993
45
What is Kincaid's Alien Soil about?
- asking what it means to be native - Addresses how people were treated as objects and dehumanized while also reminding us that humans are part of nature/we are animals - at what point do things become native? - Breadfruit was fed to slave but it is now a national dish - Kincaid herself is a transplant of both Antigua and America
46
Who wrote The Marginal World and when was it published?
- written by Rachel Carlson - published 1955
47
What is Carlson's The Marginal World about?
- Marginal places in time and space; places that are both eternal and ephemeral - transcultural experiences - engaging with history; thinking about ways marginal spaces reveal evolutionary history - story of 3's - Marginal is a meeting place of difference, far from center like the wilderness, and a place of difficulty - Describes the human condition - longe duree - myth making - wilderness tells us who we are, it is part of who we are, and it is home to others
48
How did Carlson's work have real environmental impacts?
Her writing about DDT's affects on songbird populations led to its ban in the United States
49
Who wrote Making of a Marginal Farm and when was it published?
- Wendell Berry - 1981
50
What is Berry's Making of a Marginal Farm about?
- environmental stewardship isn't always a pleasure; it can be a sisyphean struggle - issues of farming - attitudes toward nature create marginal spaces - to save nature we have to do things that non of us like to do anymore - small marginal places are part of large social forces

Environmental Lit (17 decks)

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