Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Environmental Lit > Exam #2 Lit and Class Notes > Flashcards

Exam #2 Lit and Class Notes Flashcards

1
Q

What does EWG stand for?

A

Environmental Working Group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is an endocrine disruptor?

A

Radically alters hormonal processes in the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are PFAS aka Forever Chemicals?

A
  • Chemicals that do no break down in the environment over time
  • they are human made
  • Short Chain vs Long Chain: Some PFAS chemicals will filter out short chain, but intensify long chain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the only way to effectively filter PFAS?

A

reverse osmosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Essentialism

A

Assuming someone’s identity gives them a quality that is intrinsic to them; a particular group has an innate/inherent/biological property

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What number of the world’s critically poor are Indigenous?

A

1/3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Ethnobiology

A

Study of life through ethnographic traditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Bioprospecting

A

treating human and non human nature as raw resources; aka biopiracy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Connective Ontology

A

Indigenous belief systems that recognize the interconnectedness of all things

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Ontology

A

the study of being/existence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Epistemology

A

the study of knowledge; how we know; forms of knowledge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Anamism

A

system of beliefs that views everything as alive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Ethnography

A

Observing, participating in, and representing indigenous cultures; developed out of social sciences and tends to be made up of interviews, focus groups, and/or questions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Divestment

A

-making entities stop investing in neocolonialism
- making companies stop investing in fossil fuels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Neocolonialism

A

a new kind of colonization through global capitalism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Decolonization

A

ask institutions to actively negate policies that give unfair advantages to certain groups and harm others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

IMF

A

-international monetary fund
- Post WW2 countries had to adapt to capitalism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

When was Awake: A Dream from Standing Rock released?

A

2017

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is Awake (2017) about?

A
  • A documentary about the encampment and protesting at the Dakota Access Pipeline
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Who wrote and narrated Awake (2017)?

A

Floris White Bull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Who wrote Black Women and the Wilderness and when was it published?

A
  • written by Evelyn White
  • published 1999
22
Q

What is Black Women and the Wilderness about?

A
  • The fears black women may have of being exposed to harm if they go into the wilderness
  • Genetic memory of ancestral trauma such as colonialism, slavery, and lynchings
  • unconscious feelings about nature
  • Environmental racism
23
Q

Who wrote Coda: Wilderness Letter and when was it published?

A

-Written by Wallace Stegner
- published 1960/69?

24
Q

What is Stegner’s Wilderness Letter About?

A
  • Wilderness as an idea
  • wilderness as a concept is free from people, but actual wilderness has human influence
  • Wilderness as an intangible spiritual resource
  • We need the availability of wilderness; even when one is not in nature, we find comfort in knowing that it is still there
  • Stegner’s view thinks of people as seperate from nature, but also views nature as a resource for people
  • Stegner was attempting to persuade public policy
25
Q

What is stewardship

A

conservation; people are stewards or caretakers of nature; knowledge and care

26
Q

Easter Island

A
  • Case study in systems
  • Demonstrates feedback loops; it is impossible to see every consequence to every action
  • Rapa Nui
  • moai: the large-headed statues
  • Construction of the maoi may have severely altered the ecology of the island and culture of the Rapa Nui people
27
Q

Bioregionalism

A

design of community structures according to bioregions usually defined by watershed boundaries

28
Q

Globalization

A

the global scale, capital drive, free market economy in which economic, commercial, political, and other activities no longer adhere to national boundaires

29
Q

Topophilia

A

a strong attachment to place marked by feelings of affection and love
- theorized by geographer Yi-fu Tuan and philosopher Gaston Bachelard
- relates to E.O. Wilson’s idea of biophilia

30
Q

environmental determinism

A

position that individuals are constrained by environment and climate; physical geographies set the absolute boundaries for what social behaviors and structures can evolve

31
Q

environmental possibilism

A

the level of inventive opportunism of living organisms in a place can expand or contract the set of possible social behaviors and structures

32
Q

The Great Chain of Being `

A
  • Medieval hierarchy
  • God -> men -> women-> animals-> plants ->etc
33
Q

Who was Ota Benga?

A
  • A Congolese man who was exhibited in the monkey house at the Bronx zoo
  • displayed as “less than human”
  • His story shows the tendency to classify human cultures as more or less evolved
34
Q

Neomalthusian

A
  • Thomas Malthus realized that populations grow exponentially
  • This discovery led to the idea of population control which is a deterministic view of population that thinks more people = more problems
35
Q

Political Ecology

A
  • how culture affects ecology
  • examines nature-society relations
36
Q

Speciation

A

process by which evolution creates new species (cultural change can drive speciation)

37
Q

What species did humans both co-evolve with, and evolve from?

A

hominin

38
Q

Why did humans survive over other hominin species?

A

because we are social

39
Q

Gene Culture Evolution

A

certain genes only turn on in certain environments

40
Q

What is the philosophical conundrum of the environmental humanities?

A

Is nature natural?

41
Q

Ideas are a reflection of what?

A

the age in which they were created; the form of thought is the form of the social

42
Q

The Columbian Exchange

A
  • case study on how applying an environmental perspective to history can rewrite its narratives
  • European invaders were so surprised by their success they assumed God had chosen them
  • it was just a dynamic, unpredictable mix of microbes, plants, animals, and humans evolving interdependently over time
43
Q

What does Kate Rigby say about ‘natural’ disasters

A
  • they spring from the nexus where environment, society, and technology come together
  • they occur at the interface of vulnerable people and physical hazards
  • they are caused by social systems generating the conditions that place people (often differentiated by class, race, gender, etc) at different levels of risk from the same hazard
44
Q

Who wrote Alien Soil and when was it published? `

A
  • written by Jamaica Kincaid
  • published 1993
45
Q

What is Kincaid’s Alien Soil about?

A
  • asking what it means to be native
  • Addresses how people were treated as objects and dehumanized while also reminding us that humans are part of nature/we are animals
  • at what point do things become native?
  • Breadfruit was fed to slave but it is now a national dish
  • Kincaid herself is a transplant of both Antigua and America
46
Q

Who wrote The Marginal World and when was it published?

A
  • written by Rachel Carlson
  • published 1955
47
Q

What is Carlson’s The Marginal World about?

A
  • Marginal places in time and space; places that are both eternal and ephemeral
  • transcultural experiences
  • engaging with history; thinking about ways marginal spaces reveal evolutionary history
  • story of 3’s
  • Marginal is a meeting place of difference, far from center like the wilderness, and a place of difficulty
  • Describes the human condition
  • longe duree
  • myth making
  • wilderness tells us who we are, it is part of who we are, and it is home to others
48
Q

How did Carlson’s work have real environmental impacts?

A

Her writing about DDT’s affects on songbird populations led to its ban in the United States

49
Q

Who wrote Making of a Marginal Farm and when was it published?

A
  • Wendell Berry
  • 1981
50
Q

What is Berry’s Making of a Marginal Farm about?

A
  • environmental stewardship isn’t always a pleasure; it can be a sisyphean struggle
  • issues of farming
  • attitudes toward nature create marginal spaces
  • to save nature we have to do things that non of us like to do anymore
  • small marginal places are part of large social forces

Environmental Lit (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions