Chapter 1: History & Theory

Question 1

Resurrecting the auroch

Answer 1

• Last auroch died in Poland, 1627
• Extinct ancestors of domestic cattle
• “the original genius cow”
• 1930 Lutz and Heinz Heck attempted to resurrect aurochs with back-breeding
• Resurrection biology/species revivalism
• Stephen Park sequenced the first auroch genome sequence in 2015
• De-extinction and rewilding

Question 2

What are Environmental Humanities?

Answer 2

-Debates such as those of resurrecting the auroch
- Demands that people from a wide range of disciplines listen to on another, participate in lively dialogue, and contribute ideas to the decision making process

Question 3

Cross-disciplinary

Answer 3

viewing a discipline from the perspective of another

Question 4

Multidisciplinary

Answer 4

various disciplines working together toward a common goal

Question 5

Interdisciplinary

Answer 5

blending knowledge from numerous disciplines within the scope of a single project

Question 6

Transdisciplinary

Answer 6

melding perspectives to the extent that individual disciplinary stances seem to almost vanish

Question 7

What percentage of mammals, fish, and reptiles have humans wiped out since 1970?

Answer 7

60%

Question 8

What is the worlds rarest animal and how many are left?

Answer 8

The vaquita porpoise, less than thirty

Question 9

What are the 3 characteristics of EH?

Answer 9

Discipline crossing
Boundary defying
Policy focused

Question 10

Environment

Answer 10

physical surroundings of an organism as well as a concept that links the local and regional to the planetary

Question 11

Landscape

Answer 11

a natural environment that humans have transformed resulting in scenic views

Question 12

More-than-human

Answer 12

• a world that is more than the home of human beings
• an ethical concept that is prominent in animal studies and environmental law

Question 13

Nature

Answer 13

a philosophical principle referring to elements of the natural environment

Question 14

Natural World

Answer 14

the natural environment as a whole, including organisms and their surroundings

Question 15

Non-human

Answer 15

An entity that possesses some human qualities such as the ability to communicate and respond to stimuli

Question 16

Other-than-human

Answer 16

Subjects of study with will and determination but who are not human

Question 17

What does the Chinese practice of landscape painting (shan shui) translate to?

Answer 17

mountains and water

Question 18

Wang Jian

Answer 18

17th century artist whose works were about the integration and synthesis of nature and culture

Question 19

When did Western science separate humans from nature?

Answer 19

the 17th century

Question 20

What was the goal of the Rio Conference of 1992?

Answer 20

• it aimed to balance environmental protection and economical development
• inspired by and helped integrate decades of scholarship on Indigenous culture, humanistic revaluations of nature, and religious and artistic understandings of environment

Question 21

What is “greening of the humanities”?

Answer 21

Highlighting a trend toward greater environmental consciousness in teaching and studying arts, humanities, and social sciences

Question 22

What does it mean to dehumanize the humanities?

Answer 22

Return emphasis to the natural world and human-environment relations

Question 23

What does the Clock of the Long Now in Texas want to highlight?

Answer 23

The far reaching consequences of our decisions

Question 24

What was the first nation to recognized the rights of nature in their constitution?

Answer 24

Ecuador, 2008

Question 25

Where has environmentally friendly design been compulsory since 2008?

Answer 25

Singapore

Question 26

What is ecotourism and where is its most popular destination?

Answer 26

-Tourism that is more sensitive to the social, cultural, and ecological features of a destination
- Antarctica