EXAM 2: Diabete

Question 1

Be familiar with person-first language

Answer 1

Person-first language puts the person first (a child with diabetes v. diabetic child) (are you diabetic? v. do you have diabetes?)

Question 2

What is type 1 diabetes?

Answer 2

Type 1 (insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, IDDM). Usually diagnosed in childhood, complete pancreatic failure. Immune system attacks beta cells, body no longer produces insulin. Requires daily insulin replacement.

Question 3

What is type 2 diabetes?

Answer 3

Type 2 (Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellius, NIDDDM). Linked to obesity, other cells in body no longer repsond to insulin, despite pancreas producing it (insulin resistance)

Question 4

What factors influence blood glucose levels?

Answer 4

Diet (excessive: hyperglycemia; restrictive: hypoglycemia). Exercise (hypoglycemia). Illness and Stress (hyperglycemia)

Question 5

What is hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) measured to determine?

Answer 5

Test of blood sugar control

Question 6

How does physical activity affect children with type 1 diabetes?

Answer 6

Improves insulin action (challenges for youth with T1DM), may buffer morbidity risks, helps to maintain ideal body weight, despite recoomendations specific exercise prescriptions are typically not given

Question 7

What are family barriers that may influence treatment adherence?

Answer 7

Objective (LOOK THIS UP IN BOOK)

Question 8

Know the direct and indirect effects of stress on blood glucose management.

Answer 8

Direct Effect: Stress stimulates release of hormones, which releases glucose and increases blood glucose levels that cannot be metabolzied (increase blood sugar = energy boost = hyperglycemia). Indirect: Interferences with adherence behaviors (diet, exercise, sleep, etc.)

Question 9

What is avoidant coping?

Answer 9

Delaying attempts to solve problem, disengaging from emotions/thoughts related to problem, downplaying the immediacy or seriousness of problem

Question 10

How does avoidant coping affect diabetes-specific stress?

Answer 10

Coping style mediates the effects of diabetes-realted stress on depressive symptoms and quality of life, but not glycemic control

Question 11

Be familiar with the different interventions that can improve diabetes management in youth.

Answer 11

(1) Behavioral family systems therapy (BFST): Targets family communication + barriers to effective communication, problem solving and barriers to problem-solving, and family system concerns (e.g., parent + child relationship). (2). Multisystemic therapy (MST): Intensive, home-based, problem-focused therapy. (3). Cognitive-behavioiral therapy (CBT): Addressing negative cognitions, problem-solving, reinforcement, self-monitoring. (4) Motivational Interviewing: Used to enhance motivation for behavior change, awareness + alternatives and barriers, solving problems, setting goals