EXAM 2: Acute Pain Flashcards
Know the definition of pain
“an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage”
What is the relationship between children who experience medically related pain and adults who experience medical fear and pain? (Hint – think about risk factors.)
More medical fear and pain in adults who had more medical pain as children
Be familiar with the different self-report scales for assessing acute pain in children
Visual analogue scale (100 millimeter line with behavioral anchors - e.g., “no pain” and “severe pain”. Good for older youth, ages 7-8 and older). FACES Pain Scale (drawings of 6 faces with progressive facial expressions ranging from neutral to high-pain expressions, good for younger children ages 4-18). FLACC scale (face, legs, activity, cry, consolability scale - useful for children who cannot communicate level of pain 2 months to 7 years - 3 point observational ratings from 0 to 2 made in 5 domains)
How does distraction influence pain in children?
Distraction directs attention away from pain and toward more engagin/pleasant stimuli, it allows them to be highly engaged in something else, observable response,
Know the different evidence-based interventions for managing acute pain in children.
(1) Distraction - attention away from pain toward more engaging/pleasant stimuli. (2) Relaxtion training - attention to physcial sensations in non-distressing way (better for children with approach coping style). (3) Hypnosis - use of imagery, attention, decreased arousal, and/or relaxation that leads to change in perception of pain and distress (methodological limitations). (4) Multicomponent cognitive-behavioral interventions - well-established treatments for procedural pain
What are the best ways to prepare children for medical procedures?
providing procedural information in advance further in advances (5+ days) for older children (6+) and for more complicated/distressing procedures. important to explain what will happen during the procedure, what the child might experience (sensory) or perceive, communcation, answer childs questions, medical play for younger kids
Why should adults not say “it will be over soon” and “it will be okay” to children experiencing acute pain?
Gives the child false hope, a false sense of what they are going to experience, may cause mistrust between the child and parent, etc.
What is counter stimulation an example of?
A physical strategy in managing pain
