Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cardiovascular > EXAM #2: CYANOTIC HEART DISEASE > Flashcards

EXAM #2: CYANOTIC HEART DISEASE Flashcards

1
Q

What causes cyanosis?

A

Increased concentration of reduced Hb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is acrocyanosis?

A

Cyanosis of the hands and feet in the newborn that is a NORMAL finding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is isolated circumoral cyanosis?

A

Cyanosis of the lips seen often in cold, fair-skinned children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the utility of a hyperoxitest?

A

Test to determine the etiology of cyanosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Outline the methology of the hyperoxitest.

A

1) Check baseline pO2
2) 100% O2 for 10 min
3) Recheck pO2

*Pulmonary= increase in pO2; Cardiac= no change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the utility of Prostaglandin E1?

A

Maintain the patency of the ductus arteriosus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the mnemonic to remember the causes of cyanotic heart disease?

A

5T’s:

1) Truncus Arteriosus
2) Transporition of Great Vessels
3) Tricuspid Atresia
4) Tetralogy of Fallot
5) Total anomalous pulmonary venous return

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What defect is seen in TGA?

A

Transposition of the Great Arteries

  • Aorta from RV
  • Pulmonary from LV
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What shunts can there be in TGA to maintain life?

A

1) VSD
2) PFO (patent foramen ovale)
3) PDA

*It is better to have 2x than 1x

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is this typical history for TGA?

A

Cyanosis from birth, especially in a male (full-term)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the typical presentation of TGA?

A
  • Cyanotic, tachypneic infant in NO distress

- S2 is a single loud sound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Outline the medical management for TGA.

A

1) PGE1
2) Correct acidosis
3) Balloon atrial septostomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the name for the Balloon atrial septostomy? Outline this procedure.

A

Rashkind Procedure

1) Catheter advanced across PFO
2) Balloon inflated and ripped back into RA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the surgical procedure to treat TGA?

A

Arterial switch operation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the major complication of the Arterial switch operation?

A

Getting the coronaries right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the four components of Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)?

A

1) Large VSD
2) Overriding aorta
3) RV outflow obstruction (pulmonary stenosis)
4) RVH

*Based on a malalignment of the infandibular septum

17
Q

What direction will blood shunt through the VSD in TOF?

A

Right-to-left b/c of resistance due to pulmonary stenosis/ overriding aorta

18
Q

What causes the murmur in TOF?

A

RV outflow tract obstruction

*Note that a quieting murmur is v. concerning–RV is failing

19
Q

What is the classic CXR in TOF?

A

Boot-shaped heart

20
Q

What is a TET spell?

A

Hypoxic spell induced by spasm of the RV that presents as:

1) Sudden onset rapid breathing
2) Irritability
3) Prolonged crying
4) Increased cyanosis
5) Decreased heart murmur

21
Q

How do you treat a TET spell?

A

1) Infant knee-chest
2) Oxygen
3) Morphine
4) Sodium bicarbonate

22
Q

What are the two surgical procedures to treat TOF?

A

1) Blalock-Taussig shunt

2) Full surgical repair

23
Q

What is the Blalock-Taussig shunt?

A

Connection between PA to Brachiocephalic a.

This is a surgical shunt similar to a PDA

24
Q

What is Tricuspid Atresia?

A

Absent tricuspid valve with hypoplastic RV

25
Q

What is the role of the ECG in Tricuspid Atresia?

A

Left axis and LVH in cyanotic child is diagnostic

26
Q

What is are the medical steps to treat Tricuspid Atresia?

A

1) PGE1

2) Balloon atrial septostomy

27
Q

What surgical procedures are indicated for Tricuspid Atresia?

A

1) BT

2) Fontan procedure

28
Q

What is the Fontan procedure?

A

IVC/SVC directed straight into the PA

29
Q

What is a Truncus Arteriosus?

A

Single arterial trunk leaves the heart giving rise to:

  • Systemic circulation
  • Pulmonary circulation
  • Coronary circulation

*Large VSD is associated

30
Q

What are the signs of Truncus arteriosus?

A

1) Wide pulse pressure

2) Single S2

31
Q

How are Truncus arteriosus cases managed medically?

A

Anti-CHF meds temporarily

32
Q

How is Truncus arteriosus surgically managed?

A

Complete repair early in life that involves:

1) Separation of the PA and connecting it to the RV via a conduit
2) Patching the VSD

33
Q

What is Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (TAPVR)?

A

Pulmonary veins DO NOT return to the LA; instead, they return to the RA

*Need the ASD

34
Q

What is the utility of the CXR in TAPVR?

A

V. helpful in evaluating obstruction

  • Obstruction= normal heart and pulmonary edema
  • Non= cardiomegaly
35
Q

How do you surgically manage TAPVR?

A

Reconnect the pulmonary venous confluence back to the LA

Cardiovascular (38 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions