Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cardiovascular > EXAM #1: DYSLIPIDEMIA > Flashcards

EXAM #1: DYSLIPIDEMIA Flashcards

1
Q

What is dyslipidemia?

A

Preferred term to hyperlipidemia b/c of the implications of:

  • High LDL
  • Low HDL
  • Changes in VLDL
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How are cholesterol and TG transported in the blood?

A

Lipoprotein families

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the subunits of a lipoprotein?

A

1) Lipid core of:
- TAG
- Cholesterol
- Cholesterol ester
2) Phospholipid monolayer
3) Structural apolipoproteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the function of Apo B-100?

A

Binds to the LDL receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where is Apo B-100 found?

A

VLDL, IDL, LDL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the function of Apo B-48?

A

Structural function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where is Apo B-48 found?

A

Chylomicrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the function of Apo E?

A

Binds LDL receptor to mediate remnant uptake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where is Apo E found?

A

Chylomicrons
VLDL
IDL
HDL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the function of Apo C-II?

A

Acitivates Liporprotein Lipase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where is Apo C-II found?

A

Chylomicrons
VLDLs
IDLs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the function of Apo A-I?

A

Acitivates LCAT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where is Apo A-I found?

A

HDL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where are chylomicrons made? What is the function of the chylomicron?

A
  • Enterocytes

- Delivery of dietary TAG fatty acids to tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where are VLDLs made? What is the function of VLDL?

A
  • Liver

- Deliver TAG from the liver to extra-hepatic tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where are IDLs and LDLs made? What is the function of LDL?

A
  • Circulation

- Delivery of cholesterol and cholesterol esters to peripheral tissues

17
Q

Where are HDLs made? What is the major function of HDL?

A
  • Liver mostly, but also enterocytes

- Reverse cholesterol transport from extra-hepatic tissue to liver

18
Q

What is the function of IDL?

A

Deliver TAG fatty acids to:

1) Extra-hepatic tissue
2) Back to liver

19
Q

How is LDL taken up by the target cell?

A

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

20
Q

What is the function of lipoprotein lipase?

A

Hydrolysis of TG core of:

  • Chylomicrons
  • VLDL
  • IDL
21
Q

What is the function of LCAT?

A
  • Transfers fatty acids from lecithin to cholesterol

- Forms cholesterol ester in HDL

22
Q

What is the function of CETP?

A

Transfer of cholesterol esters from HDL to LDL in exchange for TG, phospholipids, and cholesterol

23
Q

What is the function of HMG-CoA Reductase in lipid metabolism?

A

HMG-CoA –> melavonic acid

*This is the rate limiting step of cholesterol biosynthesis

24
Q

What is LP(a)?

A

LDL with an additional apolipoprotein tail attached to apoB

25
Q

What is the clinical significance of LP(a)?

A

Increased CV risk b/c:

  • Similar structure to plasminogen
  • Increased inflammatory state

*Also, resistant to most diet and drug therapy

26
Q

What is small dense LDL? What is the clinical importance of small dense LDL?

A

A subtype of LDL with smaller, denser particles

Increased arthrogenicity vs. LDL and may result in a lab underestimation of LDL burden.

27
Q

How is cholesterol eliminated from the body?

A

Converted to bile in the liver

28
Q

What was the major implication of the West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study?

A

Pre-emptive statin therapy in patients with very high cholesterol prevented coronary disease

29
Q

What was the major implication of the Air Force study?

A

Statin therapy in patients with average total cholesterol benefited from therapy

30
Q

What was the major implication of the Heart Protection Study?

A

Treating patients with low LDL reduced cardiovascular events

31
Q

What was shown about treating elderly patients with statins?

A

Reduced risk of MI and CVA despite age

32
Q

What was shown in the study on treating diabetics with low LDL levels?

A

Low dose statin therapy in this high risk population was beneficial

33
Q

What is the 4xS study show?

A

Patients with high LDL and CAD benefited from statins

34
Q

What did the MIRACL study show?

A

Statin therapy within 96 hours post-MI prevented recurrent symptomatic ischemia

35
Q

What did the study on intensive vs. standard therapy demonstrate?

A

High dose intense therapy reduced all-cause mortality

36
Q

What determines the aggressiveness of preventive therapy in dyslipidemia?

A

Risk assessment independent of lipid levels

37
Q

How is dyslipidemia screened for?

A
  • Start at 20 y/o

- Every 5 years

Cardiovascular (38 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions