Exam # 2

Question 1

What is the heart rate if operating on nodal rhthym

Answer 1

40-50 BPM

Question 2

If there is damage to the SA node

Answer 2

Operates off the AV node

Question 3

How do you control blood flow through a capillary bed to provide nutrients

Answer 3

Using Pre-capillary sphincters

Question 4

what kind of anastomosis is most common

Answer 4

Venous anastomosis

Question 5

What are the three ways that vasomotion are controled

Answer 5

local control
neural control
hormonal control

Question 6

What are three inputs of blood from the systemic circuit?

Answer 6

Superior vena cava
Inferior vena cava
Coronary sinus

Question 7

Collects blood from tissues above the heart

Answer 7

Superior vena cava

Question 8

Collects blood from tissues below the heart

Answer 8

Inferior vena cava

Question 9

Collects blood from the heart returned from cardiac veins

Answer 9

Coronary Sinus

Question 10

_____% of blood pumped by the heart is pumped to the heart

Answer 10

5

Question 11

What are the names of the vessels that send blood to the heart muscle tissue?

Answer 11

Right and left coronary arteries
and the Great Cardiac vein

Question 12

What is the function of platelets

Answer 12

Blood clotting

Question 13

The stopping of bleeding is called

Answer 13

Hemostasis

Question 14

Name the three phases of Hemostasis and what happens in each phase

Answer 14

-Vascular Phase
Injury then vasocontriction

-Platelet phase
Platelet adhesion then plug formation

-Coagulation phase
Blood clot

Question 15

The systemic circuit…..

Answer 15

supplies oxygenated blood to the whole body and returns it to the heart

Question 16

The Pulmonary circuit

Answer 16

carries blood to lungs for gas exchange and back to heart

Question 17

What are the three layers of the heart superficial to deep

Answer 17

Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium

Question 18

How do AV valves function?

Answer 18

Ensure one way flow of blood
Control flow between atria and ventricles

Question 19

AV valves are connected to

Answer 19

Papillary muscles by tendinous chords

Question 20

Coronary sinus opens to….

Answer 20

the Right Atrium

Question 21

Volume pumped by left ventricle is called

Answer 21

Cardiac Output

Question 22

The equation for CO is

Answer 22

CO= HRxSV

Question 23

Volume of blood pumped/ejected by a ventricle per heart beat

Answer 23

Stroke Volume

Question 24

What is Frank Starlings Law

Answer 24

Ventricles eject as much as they receive

Question 25

What is the equation for Stroke Volume

Answer 25

SV=EDV-ESV

Question 26

The volume pumped by the left ventricle in 1 minute is called

Answer 26

Cardiac Output

Question 27

Define Bradycardia

Answer 27

abnormally low resting heart rate (below 60 for an adult)

Question 28

define tachycardia

Answer 28

abnormally fast heart rate (above 100 for resting adult)

Question 29

define ectopic focus

Answer 29

Another part of the heart fires before SA node

Question 30

What causes ectopic focus

Answer 30

Hypoxia, electrolyte imbalance, caffeine, nicotine, and other drugs

Question 31

How are baroreceptors activated

Answer 31

Pressure sensors

Question 32

Where are pressure sensors located for baroreceptors

Answer 32

Aortic arch and internal carotid arteries

Question 33

Chemoreceptors are sensitive to...

Answer 33

Blood levels of pH, CO2, and O2 IN THAT ORDER

Question 34

Chemoreceptors for pH CO2 and O2 are located in

Answer 34

the aortic arch, carotid arteries, and medulla oblongata

Question 35

What would happen if the right ventricle pumped less blood than the left

Answer 35

Pressure would back up in the systemic circulation and cause systemic edema

Question 36

What would happen if the Left Ventricle pumped less blood than the right

Answer 36

Blood pressure would back up into the lungs and cause pulmonary edema

Question 37

Which blood vessels experience the greatest amount of pressure change

Answer 37

Arteries

Question 38

What are the smallest blood vessels

Answer 38

Capillaries

Question 39

What is the function of a capillary

Answer 39

Exchange of interstitial fluid and blood

Question 40

How many layers do capillaries have?

Answer 40

1 layer

Question 41

How does blood return back to the heart given low venous pressure

Answer 41

skeletal muscle pump and one way valves

Question 42

What are the three types of capillaries

Answer 42

Continuous Fenestrated Sinusoid- (less common)

Question 43

How do you control blood flow through a capillary?

Answer 43

Precapillary Sphincters

Question 44

More capillaries mean

Answer 44

more demand for exchange of nutrients waste and hormones

Question 45

What drives diastolic pressures that you monitor in a blood pressure reading?

Answer 45

Pressures of the left ventricle

Question 46

What are the three basic functions of the lymphatic system and how is it associated with proper cardiovascular funciton?

Answer 46

Fluid recovery Immunity Lipid absorption

Question 47

What are the two mechanisms under local control that you can control perfusion

Answer 47

Myogenic response and autoregulation

Question 48

What is the formula for flow

Answer 48

Flow= change in pressure/resistance

Question 49

What are the three layers of a blood vessel wall deep to superficial

Answer 49

Tunica intima Tunica media Tunica externa

Question 50

How do you control precapillary sphincters?

Answer 50

Local and Hormonal

Question 51

Arteries are afferent or efferent

Answer 51

efferent

Question 52

Veins are afferent or efferent

Answer 52

afferent

Question 53

Pulmonary arteries have oxygenated or deoxygenated blood

Answer 53

Deoxygenated

Question 54

Where would you find the Right the AV valve

Answer 54

Between the Right Atrium and the Right ventricle

Question 55

What is happening during isovolumetric contraction?

Answer 55

All valves are closing

Question 56

What does the S1 sound represent

Answer 56

Lub sound Caused by the AV valves slamming shut