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BIOL 2402 > Exam # 2 > Flashcards

Exam # 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the heart rate if operating on nodal rhthym

A

40-50 BPM

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2
Q

If there is damage to the SA node

A

Operates off the AV node

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3
Q

How do you control blood flow through a capillary bed to provide nutrients

A

Using Pre-capillary sphincters

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4
Q

what kind of anastomosis is most common

A

Venous anastomosis

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5
Q

What are the three ways that vasomotion are controled

A

local control
neural control
hormonal control

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6
Q

What are three inputs of blood from the systemic circuit?

A

Superior vena cava
Inferior vena cava
Coronary sinus

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7
Q

Collects blood from tissues above the heart

A

Superior vena cava

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8
Q

Collects blood from tissues below the heart

A

Inferior vena cava

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9
Q

Collects blood from the heart returned from cardiac veins

A

Coronary Sinus

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10
Q

_____% of blood pumped by the heart is pumped to the heart

A

5

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11
Q

What are the names of the vessels that send blood to the heart muscle tissue?

A

Right and left coronary arteries
and the Great Cardiac vein

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12
Q

What is the function of platelets

A

Blood clotting

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13
Q

The stopping of bleeding is called

A

Hemostasis

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14
Q

Name the three phases of Hemostasis and what happens in each phase

A

-Vascular Phase
Injury then vasocontriction

-Platelet phase
Platelet adhesion then plug formation

-Coagulation phase
Blood clot

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15
Q

The systemic circuit…..

A

supplies oxygenated blood to the whole body and returns it to the heart

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16
Q

The Pulmonary circuit

A

carries blood to lungs for gas exchange and back to heart

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17
Q

What are the three layers of the heart superficial to deep

A

Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium

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18
Q

How do AV valves function?

A

Ensure one way flow of blood
Control flow between atria and ventricles

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19
Q

AV valves are connected to

A

Papillary muscles by tendinous chords

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20
Q

Coronary sinus opens to….

A

the Right Atrium

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21
Q

Volume pumped by left ventricle is called

A

Cardiac Output

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22
Q

The equation for CO is

A

CO= HRxSV

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23
Q

Volume of blood pumped/ejected by a ventricle per heart beat

A

Stroke Volume

24
Q

What is Frank Starlings Law

A

Ventricles eject as much as they receive

25
Q

What is the equation for Stroke Volume

A

SV=EDV-ESV

26
Q

The volume pumped by the left ventricle in 1 minute is called

A

Cardiac Output

27
Q

Define Bradycardia

A

abnormally low resting heart rate
(below 60 for an adult)

28
Q

define tachycardia

A

abnormally fast heart rate
(above 100 for resting adult)

29
Q

define ectopic focus

A

Another part of the heart fires before SA node

30
Q

What causes ectopic focus

A

Hypoxia, electrolyte imbalance, caffeine, nicotine, and other drugs

31
Q

How are baroreceptors activated

A

Pressure sensors

32
Q

Where are pressure sensors located for baroreceptors

A

Aortic arch and internal carotid arteries

33
Q

Chemoreceptors are sensitive to…

A

Blood levels of pH, CO2, and O2
IN THAT ORDER

34
Q

Chemoreceptors for pH CO2 and O2 are located in

A

the aortic arch, carotid arteries, and medulla oblongata

35
Q

What would happen if the right ventricle pumped less blood than the left

A

Pressure would back up in the systemic circulation and cause systemic edema

36
Q

What would happen if the Left Ventricle pumped less blood than the right

A

Blood pressure would back up into the lungs and cause pulmonary edema

37
Q

Which blood vessels experience the greatest amount of pressure change

A

Arteries

38
Q

What are the smallest blood vessels

A

Capillaries

39
Q

What is the function of a capillary

A

Exchange of interstitial fluid and blood

40
Q

How many layers do capillaries have?

A

1 layer

41
Q

How does blood return back to the heart given low venous pressure

A

skeletal muscle pump and one way valves

42
Q

What are the three types of capillaries

A

Continuous
Fenestrated
Sinusoid- (less common)

43
Q

How do you control blood flow through a capillary?

A

Precapillary Sphincters

44
Q

More capillaries mean

A

more demand for exchange of nutrients waste and hormones

45
Q

What drives diastolic pressures that you monitor in a blood pressure reading?

A

Pressures of the left ventricle

46
Q

What are the three basic functions of the lymphatic system and how is it associated with proper cardiovascular funciton?

A

Fluid recovery
Immunity
Lipid absorption

47
Q

What are the two mechanisms under local control that you can control perfusion

A

Myogenic response and autoregulation

48
Q

What is the formula for flow

A

Flow= change in pressure/resistance

49
Q

What are the three layers of a blood vessel wall deep to superficial

A

Tunica intima
Tunica media
Tunica externa

50
Q

How do you control precapillary sphincters?

A

Local and Hormonal

51
Q

Arteries are afferent or efferent

A

efferent

52
Q

Veins are afferent or efferent

A

afferent

53
Q

Pulmonary arteries have oxygenated or deoxygenated blood

A

Deoxygenated

54
Q

Where would you find the Right the AV valve

A

Between the Right Atrium and the Right ventricle

55
Q

What is happening during isovolumetric contraction?

A

All valves are closing

56
Q

What does the S1 sound represent

A

Lub sound
Caused by the AV valves slamming shut

BIOL 2402 (9 decks)

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