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BIOL 2402 > ANS > Flashcards

ANS Flashcards

1
Q

Visceral effectors DO or DO NOT depend on the ANS to function?

A

DO NOT

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2
Q

Visceral Reflex Arc

A

Receptors, Afferent neurons, Interneurons, Efferent neurons , Effectors

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3
Q

What do receptorsof the ANS detect

A

Stretch
Tissue damage
blood chemicals
body temperature

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4
Q

What are neurons leading TO the CNS

A

Afferent neurons

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5
Q

What are neurons IN the CNS

A

Interneurons

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6
Q

What are neurons that carry motor signals AWAY from the CNS?

A

Efferent neurons

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7
Q

Visceral reflex that makes adjustments

A

Effectors

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8
Q

How does the ANS modify effector activity?

A

Through efferent fibers

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9
Q

Part of the brain that contains nuclei controlling both divisions of the ANS
Crucial for emotional ANS processes such as fight or flight
CONTROLS HUNGER THIRST SEX TEMPERATURE

A

Hypothalamus

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10
Q

What part of the brain controls Cardiac Vasomotor and Respiratory control? (Keep in mind for all exams)

A

Brainstem/ Medulla Oblongata

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11
Q

Governs some ANS reflexes
Defecation and urination controlled by parasympathetic division

A

Spinal cord

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12
Q

Control Centers (nuclei) of the ANS are located in the

A

Hypothalamus
Brainstem/ medulla oblongata
Spinal cord

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13
Q

Control centers lie in the CNS true or false?

A

True

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14
Q

Where is the control center for blood pressure? aka vassomotor

A

Brain stem

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15
Q

Fight or flight also known as

A

Sympathetic division

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16
Q

What is the first ganglion called in the series of ganglia used in the sympathetic division

A

Celiac ganglion

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17
Q

What is the name of the second ganglion used in the sympathetic division

A

Superior messentric ganglion

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18
Q

Also called thoracolumbar division

A

The Sympathetic division

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19
Q

Has short preganglionic fibers and long postganglionic fibers

A

The sympathetic division

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20
Q

Where are the preganglionic cell bodies located for the sympathetic division?

A

Lateral gray horns (LGH)

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21
Q

What spinal nerves does the fibers of the sympathetic division use to travel

A

Exits spinal cord by way of T1 through L2

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22
Q

____ _____ are distributed to every level of the body.

A

Postganglionic fibers

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23
Q

*After entering the sympathetic ganglia there are three nerves that the Sympathetic Division can use to eventually reach their target tissue, what are those three nerves called?

A

Spinal nerves
Sympathetic nerves
Splanchnic nerves

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24
Q

Preganglionic fibers are myelinated fibers that travel from spinal nerve to the ganglion by way of the _____ ______ ______

A

white communicating rami

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25
Postganglionic fibers leave the ganglion by way of the gray communicating ramus (unmyelinated fibers ) if innervating the
skin or muscles
26
Postganglionic fibers leave the ganglion by way of the sympathetic nerves (unmyelinated fibers) if innervating
head neck and chest region
27
PREganglionic fibers bypass chain ganglia and proceed to collateral ganglia (aka prevertebral ganglia) ANTERIOR to the vertebral column if innervating
the abdominopelvic region
28
What is considered as the bodies back up system for the sympathetic division to innervate the organs and systems throughout the body?
Suprarenal Medullae (paired)
29
The sympathetic division bypasses which two areas to get to the suprarenal medullae
The collateral ganglion and the
30
Each adrenal gland is really 2 glands with different functions, what are the two names of each gland Adrenal ____ and Adrenal ____
Adrenal Cortex and Adrenal medulla
31
Adrenal medulla (inner core) is essentially a "modified"
sympathetic ganglion
32
Adrenal medulla (inner core) consist of modified postganglionic neurons without dendrites or axons called ____ ____
chromafin cells
33
Adrenal medulla (inner core) are stimulated by
preganglionic sympathetic neurons
34
*Adrenal medulla (inner core) secretes catecholamines what are the names and the amounts?
80% EPINEPHRINE 20% NOREPINEPHRINE SMALL AMT OF DOPAMINE
35
The parasympathetic division is also called the __________ divison
craniosacral
36
Fibers of the parasympathetic division travel in which cranial serves
III Oculomotor nerve VII Facial nerve IX Glossopharyngeal nerve X Vagus
37
Parasympathetic fibers travel in which sacral spinal cord segments
S2 to S4
38
Parasympathetic division has _____ preganglionic fibers aned ______ postganglionic fibers
Long preganglionic and short postganglionic
39
Oculomotor nerves (III) ___ pupil and ____ lens
narrows pupil and focuses lens
40
Facial nerve (VII)
Tear, nasal, and salivary glands
41
Glossopharyngeal nerve IX
Parotid salivary gland
42
*Vagus nerve (X)
Viscera (organs) as far as proximal half of colon Cardiac, pulmonary, and esophageal plexus 75% OF ALL PARASYMPATHETIC outflow through CN X
43
____% of all parasympathetic out flow through Vagus Nerve (X)
75
44
The ANS uses ONLY TWO types of NT (neurotransmitters) what are their two names
Acetylcholine (ACh) and Norepinephrine (NE)
45
Whether a neurotransmitter causes inhibition or stimulation depends on the
type of neurotransmitter released AND the receptor
46
The ONLY NT used by the parasympathetic system is
Acetylcholine ACh
47
There are TWO different receptors for Acetylcholine ACh which are
nicotinic ACh receptors (nAChR) muscarinic ACh receptors (mAChR_
48
After entering the sympathetic ganglia, there are 3 nerves that the Sympathetic Division can use to reach their target tissue
Spinal nerves Splanchnic nerves Sympathetic nerves
49
If innervating skin and muscles postganglionic fibers leave the ganglion by way of _____ _____ _____
gray communicating ramus
50
gray communicating fibers are myelinated or unmyelinated fibers
unmyelinated
51
If innervating the head neck and chest region postganglionic fibers exit the ganglion by way of
sympathetic nerves (unmyelinated fibers)
52
Preganglionic fibers of the sympathetic division that travel from the spinal nerve to the ganglion by way of ___ ____ _____
white communicating ramus
53
If innervating the abdominopelvic region what nerves will be used
splanchnic nerves
54
When using the splanchnic nerves to innervate the abdominopelvic region, the preganglionic fibers BYPASS the spinal chain ganglia to proceed to the
collateral ganglia (aka prevertebral ganglia)
55
Which division is the most widespread
Sympathetic
56
Somatic is ____ to skeletal muscles
direct
57
*The sympathetic nerve innervates the
Iris salivary glands lungs heart thoracic blood vessels esophagus
58
The spinal nerve innervates
sweat glands piloerector muscles blood vessels of skin and skeletal muscles
59
the splanchnic nerve innervates
liver spleen adrenal glands stomach intestines kidneys urinary bladder reproductive organs
60
ACh is always excitatory in which receptor of the ANS
nAChR nicotinic receptor

BIOL 2402 (9 decks)

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