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BIOL 2402 > Endocrine > Flashcards

Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

The Endocrine System helps to regulate long term processes such as

A

Growth
Development
Metabolism
Reproduction

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2
Q

Hormones are chemical messengers that are

A

transported by the bloodstream

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3
Q

What makes a target cell a target for a particular hormone?

A

The appropriate receptor

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4
Q

In most cases Endocrine reflexes are controlled by

A

negative feedback mechanisms

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5
Q

Functions of melatonin

A

Resets circadian rhythms
Inhibits reproductive functions
Serves as an antioxidant

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6
Q

Pineal Gland synthesizes the hormone

A

melatonin

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7
Q

Heart releases _____ which _____ blood volume and

A

ANP
Decreases blood volume and blood pressure

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8
Q

The Thymus serves as a site

A

of maturation of T cells
(important in immune defense)

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9
Q

The Thymus secrets hormones

A

Thymosin
Thymopeitin
Thymulin
that stimulate development of T lymphocytes

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10
Q

Alpha cells in the Endocrine portion of The pancreatic islets produces

A

glucagon

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11
Q

Beta cells in the Endocrine portion of the pancreatic islets produces

A

insulin

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12
Q

Used for digestive function in the Pancreatic Islets

A

Exocrine portion

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13
Q

Another name for pituitary gland is

A

hypophysis

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14
Q

The pituitary gland lies within the

A

sella turcica

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15
Q

The hypothalamus is connected to the pituitary gland by way of the

A

infundibulum

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16
Q

The anterior pituitary is also called

A

adenohypophysis

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17
Q

The posterior pituitary is also called

A

neurohypophysis

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18
Q

The hypothalamus secrets two hormones to the posterior of the pituitary gland called

A

ADH (antidiuretic hormone) and Oxytocin (OT)

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19
Q

Sacs that compose most of thyroid are called

A

Thyroid Follicles

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20
Q

Where is Calcitonin produced

A

Thyroid gland

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21
Q

When is Calcitonin produced in the thyroid gland

A

During periods of hypercalcemia

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22
Q

What does calcitonin do to calcium levels?

A

Reduces blood calcium levels

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23
Q

Where is PTH (Parathyroid Hormone) produced

A

Chief Cells of the Parathyroid Gland

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24
Q

When is PTH (Parathyroid Hormone) secreted

A

During periods of Hypocalcemia

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25
What does PTH (Parathyroid Hormone) do to calcium levels
Increases blood calcium levels
26
What other hormone does PTH work with to change calcium levels? Where is this other hormone secreted from? Do they increase or decrease calcium?
Calcitriol From the Kidneys The work to increase blood calcium levels (PTH decreases calcium excreted in urine)
27
What hormone does the Suprarenal (Adrenal) cortex secrete
Corticosteroids
28
What hormones do the Suprarenal (Adrenal) medulla secrete (ANS)
Epinephrine and Norepinephrine
29
The Adrenal Cortex can be activated by
the hypothalamus/ anterior pituitary gland
30
The Adrenal Medulla is activated by
Neural Stimulation
31
Where is AT II made?
In the blood
32
What happens when AT II is released into the blood stream
Raises blood pressure and blood volume.
33
What does ADH (Antidiuretic hormone) do
Increases water retention Reduces urine volume Prevents dehydration AKA vasopressin because it can cause vasoconstriciton
34
What does Oxytocin (OT) do
Hormone released during sexual arousal and orgasm Stimulates labor contractions during birth Stimulates flow of milk during lactation Promotes bonding between partners and mother and infant
35
What secrets ADH and OT
Hypothalamus
36
Secretory activities of the Suprarenal (Adrenal) medulla are controlled by
Sympathetic division of the ANS
37
The suprarenal (adrenal) medulla produce
epinephrine norepinephrine dopamine
38
The adrenal cortex can be activated by
the hypothalamus/ anterior pituitary gland
39
the adrenal medulla is NOT activated by the hypothalamus/ anterior pituitary gland but activated by
neural stimulation
40
Mineralocorticoids are produced in the zona
glomerulosa
41
Example of mineralocorticoid:
Aldosterone
42
What does aldosterone do?
Conserves salt (Na+) Eliminates K+ Is activated when Na+ blood volume or blood pressure drops or blood K+ rises.
43
this zona produces glucocorticoids
zona fasciculata
44
Example of glucocorticoids made in zona fasciculata
cortisol / corticosterone
45
What does cortisol/ corticosterone do
speeds up glucose synthesis anti inflammatory effects converted by liver to cortisone Inhibitory effect on CRH/ACTH prod.
46
Androgens are produced in what zona
Zona reticularis
47
what do androgens produced in zona reticularis do
male secondary sex characteristics
48
what is the hypophysial portal system
Artery-> capillary-> vein-> capillary->vein
49
Does the posterior pituitary need the portal system
NO
50
Hormones can be divided into three groups what are the names?
Amino acid DERIVATIVES Peptide/Protein hormones Lipid derivatives (steroid hormones)
51
Which two of the three groups of hormones love water/ water soluble?
Amino acid derivatives Peptide/protein hormones
52
Name a transport protein that is made in the liver :)
Albumin
53
What makes a lipid derivative (Steroid hormone) capable of transporting in a water environment?
transport protein which serves as an outside layer of protection (albumin)
54
Where can hormone receptors be located
plasma membrane cytoplasm nucleus
55
Receptors in the endocrine system are _______ receptors NOT ionotropic receptors
metabotropic
56
What is the function of a G protein?
Activates Adenylate Cyclase
57
What is the function of Adenylate Cyclase
Converts ATP into cAMP which activates Kinase
58
What do lipophilic hormones do?
Turn on Gene activation followed by protein synthesis
59
What are the three phases of the stress response
Alarm phase Resistance phase Exhaustion phase In that order
60
What does EPO do and where is it made
Made in kidneys Increases red blood cell count which increases oxygen in blood stream

BIOL 2402 (9 decks)

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