Exam #2 Flashcards
What are the 2 divisions of the Nervous System?
The CNS & PNS
What is the CNS?
The Central Nervous System is associated with the brain & spinal cord
What is the PNS?
The Peripheral Nervous System is associated with the tissue outside the CNS
What can the PNS be divided into?
Afferent & Efferent division
What is Efferent Division?
Carries motor commands to muscles & glands
Somatic & Autonomic
Ends at the effectors
What is Afferent Division?
Brings sensory info to the CNS
Begins at the receptors
What are the cells of the Nervous System?
Neurons & Neuroglia
What are Neurons?
Nerve cells that are responsible for the transfer & processing of info in the Nervous System
What are Neuroglia?
Supporting cells that protect the neuron
What is the function of Astrocytes?
Largest & most numerous neuroglia & make up the BBB
What is the function of Oligodendrocytes?
Provide structural framework & myelinated the central nervous system (AKA form myelin sheath)
What is the function of White Matter?
Areas with mostly myelinated axons
What is the function of Gray Matter?
Composed of cell bodies & dendrites
What is the function of Microglia?
Removes bacteria thru phagocytosis (phagocytic cells)
What is the function of Ependymal Cells?
Involved in cerebrospinal fluid production & make up a cellular lining called ependyma
What is the function of Satellite Cells?
Surround cell bodies and regulate Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, nutrient, and neurotransmitter levels
What is the function of Schwann Cells?
Surround axons and produce myelin in the PNS, also participate in repair process after injury
What are the factors that affect conduction velocity of a neuron?
Fast Impulse:
-Presence of a myelin sheath
-Myelinated axons with a large diameter
Slow Impulse:
-Lack of myelin sheath
-Unmyelinated axons with a small diameter
What are the types of Neuronal Pools?
Divergence
Convergence
Serial Processing
Parallel Processing
Reverberation
What is Divergence?
The spread of info from one neuron to several neurons
What is Convergence?
Info going from several neurons to a single neuron
What is Serial Processing?
Info going from one neuron to the next in a sequence
What is parallel processing?
Several neurons are processing the info at the same time
What is Reverberation?
Collateral axons extend back towards the origin of the impulse (on a repeater)