Anatomy Quiz #1 Flashcards
Chapters 1-2
Homeostasis
the maintenance of relatively constant conditions in the internal environment despite changes in the external environment (all organ systems, except for reproductive, partake in maintaining homeostasis)
Integumentary System
Protects against environmental hazards; helps control body temperature
Skeletal System
Supports and protects tissues; stores minerals; forms blood cells.
Muscular System
Allows for locomotion; provides support; produces heat.
Nervous System
Directs immediate responses to stimuli usually by coordinating the activities of other organ systems.
Endocrine System
Directs long-term changes in activities of other organ systems.
Cardiovascular System
Transports cells and dissolved materials, including nutrients, wastes, and gases.
Lymphatic System
Defends against infection and disease; returns tissue fluid to the bloodstream.
Respiratory System
Delivers air to sites where gas exchange can occur between air and circulating blood; produces sound.
Digestive System
Processes food and absorbs nutrients.
Urinary System
Eliminates excess water, salts, and waste.
Male Reproductive System
Produces sex cells and hormones.
Female Reproductive System
Produces sex cells and hormones; supports embryonic and fetal development from fertilization to birth.
First row of Abdominopelvic Regions
Right Hypochondriac Region, Epigastric Region, Left Hypochondriac Region.
Middle Row of Abdominopelvic Regions
Right Lumbar Region, Umbilical Region, Left Lumbar Region.
Bottom Row Abdominopelvic Regions
Right Inguinal Region, Hypogastric (pubic) Region, Left Inguinal Region
Frontal/Coronal Plane
Divides the body in anterior (front) and posterior (back) sections.
Sagittal Plane
Divides the body into left and right sections
Midsagittal: divides the body in equal left and right halves
Parasagittal: runs parallel to the midsagittal line
Transverse Plane
A horizontal plane, lies at a right angle to the longitudinal axis.
Superior
Above, at a higher level.
Inferior
Below, at a lower level.
Cranial/Cephalic
Toward the head.
Caudal
Toward the tail.
Posterior/Dorsal
The back or behind.
Anterior/Ventral
The front or before.
Superficial
Close to the surface.
Deep
Farther from the surface.
Proximal
Toward an attached base.
Distal
Away from an attached base.
Medial
Toward the midline.
Lateral
Away from the midline
Molecular Level
Consists of water, protein, lipid, and carbohydrate molecules.
Cellular Level
Contains cells and organelles that are made of molecules.
Tissue Level
A group of specialized cells and cell products that work together and perform specific functions.
Organ Level
Combinations of tissues that form complex functions.
Organ System Level of Organization
A group of organs that function together to produce coordinated effects.
Organism Level
Responsiveness, growth and differentiation, reproduction, movement, and metabolism.
Hydrophobic Phospholipid Bilayer
The tails are hydrophobic (located inside the membrane)
Hydrophilic Phospholipid Bilayer
The head is hydrophilic (located on the outside of the membrane)
Integral Proteins
Act as channels and gates in the membrane to allow molecules to pass through.
Types of Passive Transport
Diffusion, Osmosis, and Facilitated Diffusion
Active Transport
Membrane permeability, the transport of materials across the plasma membrane using cellular energy.
Microvilli
Small projections of the plasma membrane. Found in cells that absorb materials from extracellular fluid, increase surface area of plasma membrane.
Mitochondria
Produces ATP by breaking down organic molecules. Part of cellular respiration
Nucleus
Contains the DNA, the genetic blueprints, codes proteins.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Synthesizes lipids, proteins & carbohydrates, stores products, transports, and detoxifies toxins.
Golgi Apparatus
Packages enzymes, renews/modifies plasma membrane, and synthesizes & packages secretions.
Lysosomes
Defend against disease and remove bacteria, fluids, and organic debris.
Peroxisomes
Break down organic compounds forming hydrogen peroxide and enzymes convert hydrogen peroxide into water & oxygen.
Cell Junctions
Specialized areas of the plasma membrane that attach cells together.
Gap Junctions, Tight Junctions, and Desmosomes
