Anatomy Quiz #5

Question 1

What are the two divisions of the nervous system?

Answer 1

the PNS & CNS

Question 2

What is the CNS?

Answer 2

The Central Nervous System is associated with the brain & spinal cord.

Question 3

What is the PNS?

Answer 3

The Peripheral Nervous System is associated with the tissue outside of the CNS. It can be divided into Afferent Division & Efferent Division.

Question 4

What is Afferent Division?

Answer 4

Afferent Division brings sensory info to the CNS and BEGINS at the RECEPTORS. Somatic & Visceral.

Question 5

What is Efferent Division?

Answer 5

Efferent Division carries motor commands to the muscles & glands and ENDS at the EFFECTORS. Can be divided into Somatic Nervous System & Automatic Nervous System (which contains Parasympathetic division & Sympathetic division).

Question 6

What is a neuron?

Answer 6

Neurons are nerve cells that are responsible for the transfer & processing of info in the nervous system.

Question 7

What are Neuroglia?

Answer 7

Supporting cells that protect the neuron.

Question 8

Astrocytes (CNS)

Answer 8

Largest & most numerous neuroglia, that make up the blood brain barrier (BBB).

Question 9

Oligodendrocytes (CNS)

Answer 9

Form myelin sheath.

Question 10

White Matter (CNS)

Answer 10

Areas with mostly myelinated axons.

Question 11

Gray Matter (CNS)

Answer 11

Composed of cell bodies & dendrites.

Question 12

Microglia (CNS)

Answer 12

Phagocytic cells

Question 13

Ependymal Cells (CNS)

Answer 13

Involved in Cerebrospinal Fluid (CS) production, make up a cellular lining called the ependyma.

Question 14

Satellite Cells (PNS)

Answer 14

Surround cell bodies, regulate Oxygen & Carbon Dioxide, nutrient, and neurotransmitter levels.

Question 15

Schwann Cells (PNS)

Answer 15

Surround axons, produce myelin in the PNS, participle in repair process after injury.

Question 16

What are the parts of a neuron?

Answer 16

Dendrites
Cell Body
Axon
Axon Terminals
Soma
Axon Hillock

Question 17

Dendrites

Answer 17

Stimulated by environmental changes or the activities of other cells.

Question 18

Cell Body

Answer 18

Contains organelles

Question 19

Axon

Answer 19

Conducts nerve impulse (action potential) toward axon terminals.

Question 20

Axon Terminals

Answer 20

Affect another neuron or effector organ (muscle or gland)

Question 21

Axon Hillock

Answer 21

Area where the initial segment connects to the cell body.

Question 22

What are the types of neuronal pools?

Answer 22

Divergence
Convergence
Serial Processing
Parallel Processing
Reverberation

Question 23

Divergence

Answer 23

Spread of info from one neuron to several neurons.

Question 24

Convergence

Answer 24

Info going from several neurons to one neuron.

Question 25

Serial Processing

Answer 25

Info going from one neuron to the next neuron in a sequence.

Question 26

Parallel Processing

Answer 26

Several neurons processing info at the same time.

Question 27

Reverberation

Answer 27

Collateral axons extend back toward the origin of impulse (on a repeater)

Question 27

Reverberation

Answer 27

Collateral axons extend back toward the origin of impulse (on a repeater)

Question 28

What are the structural classifications of neurons?

Answer 28

Anaxonic (Found only in CNS) Bipolar (Axons not myelinated) Pseudounipolar Multipolar (Most common type in CNS)

Question 29

Chemical Synapse

Answer 29

Vesicular (containing vesicles) and impulses can be conveyed in one direction only. 1. Action Potential Arrives 2. Neurotransmitter is released from axon vesicles 3. Neurotransmitter diffuse across synapse 4. Neurotransmitter binds to membrane 5. Binding changes permeability of membrane 6. Action potential enters next neuron

Question 30

Electrical Synapse

Answer 30

Nonvesicular and impulses can be conveyed in any direction. The membrane one one neuron is tightly bound to the membrane of another neuron. The binding merits the passage of ions from one neuron to the next,

Question 31

What types of neurons are in dorsal roots?

Answer 31

AFFERENT axons of SENSORY neurons

Question 32

What types of neurons are in ventral roots?

Answer 32

EFFERENT axons of SOMATIC MOTOR neurons

Question 33

What nerves are in the Cervical Plexus?

Answer 33

Lesser Occipital Supraclavicular Great Auricular Transverse Cervical Ansa Cervicalis Phrenic

Question 34

What nerves are in the Brachial Plexus?

Answer 34

Ventral rami (roots) Trunks (superior, middle, and inferior) Divisions (anterior & posterior) Cords (posterior, lateral, and medial)

Question 35

What nerves are in the Lumbar Plexus?

Answer 35

Iliohyppogastric Ilio-iguinial Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Genitofemoral Femoral Orburator

Question 36

What nerves are in the Sacral Plexus?

Answer 36

Superior Gluteal Inferior Gluteal Sciatic Posterior Femoral Cutaneous Pudendal

Question 37

What are Development Reflexes?

Answer 37

Innate: Genetically determined Acquired: Learned

Question 38

What are Response Reflexes?

Answer 38

Somatic: The control of skeletal muscle contractions (voluntary) Visceral (Automatic): Control actions of smooth & cardiac muscles, glands, & adipose tissue (involuntary)

Question 39

What are Complexity of Circuit Reflexes?

Answer 39

Monosynaptic: One synapse Polysynaptic: Multiple synapses

Question 40

What are Processing Site Reflexes?

Answer 40

Spinal: Processing in spinal cord Cranial: Processing in brain