Exam

Question 1

Plasmid

Answer 1

extrachromosomal dna that carries genes

can be passed from one bacterium to another

Question 2

bacterial transformation

Answer 2

the uptake of dna, bacteria take up dna from their environments

Question 3

colony

Answer 3

cluster of bacteria growing

Question 4

lawn

Answer 4

large thick cluster of bacteria

Question 5

central dogma

Answer 5

DNA –> RNA –> Protein

Question 6

Gametes

Answer 6

sex cells - with half the number of cells as their parents body cells

Question 7

Diploid and haploid cells

Answer 7

diploid cells - whole cells with all of the genes

haploid cells - cells with half the genes (gametes are haploid cells)

Question 8

zygote

Answer 8

made when sperm and egg join together

Question 9

crossing over

Answer 9

• occurs in meiosis 1
• the process of homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material

Question 10

purpose of arabinose added to lb plates:

Answer 10

To activate GFP gene

Question 11

what is lb in PGLO lab?

Answer 11

the food for the E. Coli

Question 12

what is +PGLO and -PGLO do in the pglo lab?

Answer 12

PGLO contains the GFP gene and the ampicillin resistance gene

Question 13

What is ampicillin?

Answer 13

an antibiotic

Question 14

Somatic cell

Answer 14

body cells, cells of living organisms other than gametes. Cells with all 46 chromosomes

Question 15

Nondisjunction

Answer 15

when pairs of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids do not separate properly

• results in abnormal distribution of chromosomes/chromatids in the daughter nuclei/sex cells

Question 16

Autosomes

Answer 16

any chromosome that is not a sex chromosomes

Question 17

aneuploidy

Answer 17

when there is an abnormal # of chromosomes in haploid cells

Question 18

law of segregation

Answer 18

a parent only passes one allele for each gene to offspring

Question 19

10% rule - ecological pyramid

Answer 19

only ten percent of the energy stored in one trophic level is passed on to the next trophic level

Question 20

chemical energy vs. free energy

Answer 20

chemical energy = energy stored in bonds of chemical compounds

free energy = energy available to do work

Question 21

meiosis vs mitosis

Answer 21

Mitosis: produces identical daughter cells (somatic cells)

Meiosis: Produces gametes

Mitosis contains PMAT, whereas meiosis also contains those stages but goes through them twice.

Meiosis: Prophase 1: chromosomes match up with their homologous pairs, crossing over occurs!!

Mitosis: prophase, chromosomes condense

PMAT is pretty normal for both mitosis and meiosis but in meiosis, the homologous pairs separate first

Then mitosis is done, but meiosis goes through PMAT again so that the sister chromatids can separate and four haploid cells are formed