Cell Cycle and Mitosis Flashcards
Mitosis Definition
the replication and division of the nucleus
Why do cells do mitosis/perform cellular division?
- growth
- replace injured/damaged cells
- Asexual reproduction
Centromere
structure that holds sister chromatids together and attaches to the spindle
Sister Chromatids
Chromatids that have been replicated and are held together by a centromere
Cytokinesis
The splitting of the contents of the cell (or splitting of cytoplasm)
Spindle fibers
Protein structures that bind to the centromere and move chromatids around the cell
Chromatin
The form DNA is in when performing cellular activities
the form DNA is in when its jumbled around and not organized into chromosomes
Chromosome
the condensed form of chromatin
S phase
cell replicates its DNA, DNA synthesis occurs
G1
Cell increases in size + prepares to replicate its DNA
G2
Cell grows more and prepares fro cell division, the cell makes sure all of the organelles are organized so each daughter cell can have enough organelles
Prophase
Chromatin coils up into chromosomes
nuclear membrane breaks down
Spindle fibers form
centrioles move to poles
Metaphase
Chromosomes line up single file along the equator
the spindle fibers push and pull the chromosomes there
Anaphase
Spindle fibers pull on the opposite sister chromatids, breaking the centromere that connects them
Single chromosomes are moved to opposite poles
Telophase
Chromosomes reach poles and uncoil to form chromatin
nuclear membrane reforms
spindle fibers break down
