Exam 1 Spring 2024 Flashcards by Megan Schittenhelm

Which of the following descriptions of an air mass is not true?

forms over land or water, not both
forms in regions with strong winds
has uniform temp and humidity characteristics
forms over a warm or cold region, not both

Forms in regions with strong winds

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

An air mass source region ?.
- is either cold or warm, not both
- is either land or water, not both
- is huge
- all of these choices

all of these choices

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Fronts ?.
- always extend from centers of high pressure
- always extend from centers of low pressure
- mark the center of air masses
- are identified with sinking air and fair weather

always extend from centers of low pressure

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Frontal type is always determined by the movement of cold air because cold air ? than warm air.
- is more dense
- has a higher pressure
- is more humid
- transfers more energy

is more dense

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A geostationary (GOES) satellite ? and is in a ? orbit above the Earth.
- is in a fixed position above the equator, high
- is in a fixed position above the equator, low
- circles the earth from pole to pole, high
- circles the earth from pole to pole, low

is in a fixed position above the equator, high

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Visible satellite images indicate the amount of incoming visible energy from the Sun that is ? by the Earth and clouds.
- reflected
- emitted
- transmitted
- absorbed

reflected

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The greatest disadvantage associated with the use of visible satellite images is that they ?
- have poor resolution
- don’t indicate the top of the vapor layer
- don’t indicate where precipitation is occurring
- provide no information at night

provide no information at night

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Infrared satellite images indicate the amount of infrared energy that is ? by the Earth and clouds.

absorbed
transmitted
emitted
reflected

emitted

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The greatest advantage associated with the use of infrared satellite imagery is that it ?.

indicates where precipitation is occurring
has very high resolution
indicates the bottom of the vapor layer
provides information during both day and night

provides information during day and night

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

When this energy encounters a cloud, the cloud ? the energy, some of which is sent back to Earth and sensed by the radar.
- absorbs
- reflects
- scatters
-emits

scatters

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Water vapor satellite images indicate the amount of infrared energy that is emitted by ?.
- the top of the vapor layer
- the earths surface
- low clouds
- high clouds

the top of the vapor layer

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Doppler Radar operates by sending out pulses of ? energy in all directions.
- ultraviolet
- infrared
-microwave
- visible

microwave

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

When Doppler Radar is in base reflectivity mode, the colors provide a measure of ?.
- precipitation rate
- vapor depth
- cloud temperature
- emitted infrared energy

precipitation rate

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

When Doppler Radar is in base reflectivity mode, the colors provide a measure of ?.
- frequency
- reflectivity
- temp.
- pressure

frequency

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The base velocity image below is from the Fort Dix, NJ Doppler radar at 1355Z February 13, 2024. The radar location is given by the yellow oval, and the legend indicates speed in knots.
Negative (green ) values indicate motion ? the radar while positive (red) values indicate motion ? the radar.

toward, away
-away, toward

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Pressure at a given location on a surface map is a measure of the ? of the atmosphere above that point.
- mass/volume
- weight
- weight/volume
- mass

weight

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Pressures at the surface range from approximately ? mb.

1000-1100
950-1050
50-150
0-999

950-1050

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Pressure in the atmosphere decreases ?.
- exponentially with increasing height
- at a uniform rate with increasing height
- in the troposphere and mesosphere only
- in the stratosphere and thermosphere only

Exponentially with increasing height

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The pressure gradient is a measure of the rate at which ? changes over ?.
- pressure, distance
- distance, pressure
- altitude, pressure
- pressure, altitude

pressure, distance

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Temperature is a measure of an object’s ?.
- total potential energy
- mean potential energy
- mean kinetic energy
- total kinetic energy

mean kinetic energy

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The sign of vertical temperature change in the atmosphere (positive, zero, negative) is determined by the ?.
- potential energy of the air
- density of the air
- kinetic energy of the air
- location of atmospheric heat sources

Location of atmospheric heat source

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Temperature ? with increasing height in the troposphere because ?.
- decreases, ozone emits ultraviolet energy to space
- increases, ozone absorbs incoming ultraviolet energy from the sun
- increases, the Earth’s surface is a heat source
- decreases, the Earth’s surface is a heat source

decreases, the earths surface is a heat source

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Temperature ? with increasing height in the stratosphere because ?.
- decreases, ozone emits ultraviolet energy to space
- decreases, the Earth’s surface is a heat source
- increases, ozone absorbs incoming ultraviolet energy from the sun
- increases, the Earth’s surface is a heat source

increases, ozone absorbs incoming ultraviolet energy from the sun

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Virtually all of our meaningful weather (clouds and precipitation) occurs in the ?.
mesosphere
stratosphere
troposphere
thermosphere

troposhere

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

54. Heat is a measure of ?. energy transfer from a cold object to a warm object the mean kinetic energy of an object mean potential energy of an object energy transfer from a warm object to a cold object

energy transfer from a warm object to a cold object

55. Thermal equilibrium between two objects occurs when ?. energy is transferred from the cold to the warm object energy is transferred from the warm to the cold object both objects have the same temperature the mean kinetic energy of the warm object increases

both objects have the same temperature

56. Conduction occurs when ?. energy is transferred through an object from cold to warm energy is transferred through an object from warm to cold energy is transferred by moving a warm object to a cold location energy is transferred by moving a cold object to a warm location

energy is transferred through an object from warm to cold

57. Convection occurs when ?. energy is transferred through an object from cold to warm energy is transferred by moving a cold object to a warm location energy is transferred through an object from warm to cold energy is transferred by moving a warm object to a cold location

energy is transferred by moving a warm object to a cold location

58. Convection in the atmosphere occurs on a sunny day when the Earth's surface first ? the air above it through conduction and then the ?. cools, cool air rises warms, warm air sinks cools, cool air sinks warms, warm air rises

warms, warm air rises

59. The density of air is defined to be its ?. weight mass weight/volume mass/volume

mass/volume

60. Density in the atmosphere decreases ?. in the troposphere and mesosphere only at a uniform rate with increasing height exponentially with increasing height in the stratosphere and thermosphere only

exponentially with increasing height

61. Given that total mechanical energy (TE) is a constant, expansional cooling occurs when both ? and ?. potential energy decreases, kinetic energy increases potential energy increases, kinetic energy decreases pressure decreases, density increases density decreases, pressure increases

potential energy increases, kinetic energy decreases

62. On the other hand, compressional warming occurs when both ? and ?. density decreases, pressure increases potential energy decreases, kinetic energy increases potential energy increases, kinetic energy decreases pressure decreases, density increases

potential energy decreases, kinetic energy increases

63. Electromagnetic energy ?. is less likely to be emitted by an object when the object temperature increases moves at the speed of light is 4 times more energetic than mechanical energy is equal to potential energy plus kinetic energy

moves at the speed of light

64. The total amount of electromagnetic energy emitted by an object per unit area (E) depends on the ? of the object. density mass temperature to the 4th power surface pressure

temperature to the 4th power

65. The Sun emits ? times more energy (E, per unit area) than the Earth because the absolute temperature of the Sun is ? greater than that of the Earth. 20, 4 160, 8 160000, 20 24000, 16

160000, 20

66. The wavelength of maximum emission (𝛌max) of an object is the ?. maximum wavelength at which the object emits energy total energy emitted at all wavelengths by the object temperature at which the object emits the greatest amount of energy wavelength at which the object emits the greatest amount of energy

wavelength at which the object emits the greatest amount of energy

67. The wavelength of maximum emission (𝛌max) of the Sun is ? μm, which corresponds to ?. 10.0, infrared energy 0.5, green light 0.5, infrared energy 10.0, green light

0.5, green light

68. The wavelength of maximum emission (𝛌max) of the Earth is ? μm, which corresponds to ?. 10.0, infrared energy 0.5, infrared energy 0.5, green light 10.0, green light

10.0, infrared energy

69. The 3 most abundant gases in the dry atmosphere (i.e., the big 3) are ?, ? and ?. oxygen, methane, nitrogen oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen carbon dioxide, oxygen, argon nitrogen, oxygen, argon

nitrogen, oxygen, argon

70. A greenhouse gas ? incoming visible energy from the Sun but ? outgoing infrared energy from the Earth. is transparent to, absorbs absorbs, is transparent to absorbs, absorbs is transparent to, is transparent to

is transparent to, absorbs

71. The greenhouse effect is defined to be the warming of the atmosphere that results from the absorption of ? energy by greenhouse gases. ultraviolet infrared visible microwave

infrared

72. The natural greenhouse effect is enhanced when human activity (primarily the burning of fossil fuels) causes the ?. Earth to emit more visible energy concentration of atmospheric oxygen to decrease concentration of atmospheric greenhouse gases to increase Earth to reflect more microwave energy

concentration of atmospheric greenhouse gases to increase

An air mass ?. is either cold or warm, not both is either humid or dry, not both covers a huge area all of the above

all of the above

2. An air mass source region ?. includes both land and water is both hot and cold is extremely large is mountainous

is extremely large

3. Air masses don't form over the midlatitudes because the midlatitudes are too ?. mountainous windy hot humid

windy

4. A front ?. You Answered is a boundary between 2 different air masses typically causes warm air to rise usually leads to clouds and precipitation all of the above

all of the above

5. Both cold and warm fronts cause ? air to rise because the ? air is more dense. cold, cold warm, cold cold, warm warm, warm

warm, cold

1. An air mass ?. is both warm and cold is both dry and humid is extremely large is a boundary between warm and cold air

is extremely large

2. An air mass source region ?. is either land or water, not both is either warm or cold, not both is extremely large has very light winds

all of the above

3. A front ?. is a boundary between 2 different air masses typically causes warm air to rise usually leads to clouds and precipitation

all of the above

4. The movement of a front is always determined by the movement of the ? air because it is ?. cold, more dense warm, more dense cold, less dense warm, less dense

cold, more dense

5. A boundary is a cold front when the ?. warm air advances cold air advances warm air retreats cold air retreats

cold air advances

6. A boundary is a warm front when the ?. warm air advances cold air advances warm air retreats cold air retreats

cold air retreats

7. Overrunning occurs in the vicinity of a ? front when ? air glides up and over retreating ? air along and ahead of the front. cold, cold, warm warm, warm, cold cold, warm, cold warm, cold, warm

warm, warm, cold

1. The wind circulation around a center of high pressure is ?. clockwise and outward clockwise and inward counterclockwise and outward counterclockwise and inward

cw and outward

2. The wind circulation around a center of low pressure is ?. clockwise and outward clockwise and inward counterclockwise and outward counterclockwise and inward

ccw and inward

3. Fronts always extend from centers of ? pressure because ?. high, air flows outward in all directions from the high center low, air flows outward in all directions from the low center high, air flows inward from all directions to the high center low, air flows inward from all directions to the low center

low, air flows inward from all directions to the low center

1. The 3 most common gases in the dry atmosphere are ?, ? and ?. oxygen, helium, nitrogen argon, oxygen, nitrogen nitrogen, water vapor, oxygen nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide

argon, oxygen, nitrogen

2. A greenhouse gas ? incoming energy from the Sun and ? outgoing energy from the Earth. is transparent to, is transparent to is transparent to, absorbs absorbs, absorbs absorbs, is transparent to

is transparent to, absorbs

3. The only gas in the list below that is not a greenhouse gas is ?. carbon dioxide methane nitrogen water vapor

nitrogen

4. Temperature is a measure of ?. total potential energy mean potential energy total kinetic energy mean kinetic energy

mean kinetic energy

5. Ice melts at a temperature of 32°F and ?°C. 0 32 100 273.15

1. Temperature ? with increasing height in the troposphere because ?. increases, the Earth’s surface is a heat source decreases, the Earth’s surface is a heat source increases, ozone absorbs incoming ultraviolet energy from the Sun decreases, ozone absorbs incoming ultraviolet energy from the Sun

decreases, the Earth’s surface is a heat source

2. Temperature ? with increasing height in the stratosphere because ?. increases, the Earth’s surface is a heat source decreases, the Earth’s surface is a heat source increases, ozone absorbs incoming ultraviolet energy from the Sun decreases, ozone absorbs incoming ultraviolet energy from the Sun

increases, ozone absorbs incoming ultraviolet energy from the Sun

3. Virtually all of the Earth’s weather takes place in the ?. troposphere stratosphere mesosphere thermosphere

troposhere

4. Temperature is a measure of ?. mean potential energy total potential energy mean kinetic energy total kinetic energy

mean kinetic energy

5. Heat is a measure of ?. mean kinetic energy total kinetic energy energy transfer from a cold to a warm object energy transfer from a warm to a cold object

energy transfer from a warm to a cold object

6. Conduction occurs when energy is transferred ?. through an object from cold to warm through an object from warm to cold by moving a cold object to a warm location by moving a warm object to a cold location

energy is transferred through an object from warm to cold

7. Convection occurs when energy is transferred ?. through an object from cold to warm through an object from warm to cold by moving a cold object to a warm location by moving a warm object to a cold location

by moving a warm object to a cold location

1. In general terms, when water changes phase, the phase change is accompanied by a change in ? temperature.

air

2. Latent heat is defined to be the energy ?. transferred from water to the surrounding air during a phase change transferred from the surrounding air to water during a phase change required to change the phase of water at a constant air temperature required to change the phase of water at a constant water temperature

required to change the phase of water at a constant water temperature

2. Evaporation is a ? process where latent heat is ? the environment. warming, absorbed from warming, released to cooling, absorbed from cooling, released to

cooling, absorbed from

4. Condensation is a ? process where latent heat is ? the environment. warming, absorbed from warming, released to cooling, absorbed from cooling, released to

warming released to

1. The Stefan-Boltzmann law tells us that the amount of energy an object emits per unit area depends on the object's ?. surface area surface area to the 4th power temperature temperature to the 4th power

temp to the 4th power

2. The Sun emits 160,000 times more energy than the Earth (per unit area) because the Sun is ? than the Earth. 10,000 times larger 20 times more dense 20 times hotter 10,000 times more dense

20x hotter

3. The Sun emits energy primarily in the ? range while the Earth emits primarily in the ? range. infrared, ultraviolet ultraviolet, infrared infrared, visible visible, infrared

visible, infrared

4. Wien's displacement law tells us that 𝛌max of the Sun occurs in the ? range while 𝛌max of the Earth occurs in the ? range. infrared, ultraviolet ultraviolet, infrared infrared, visible visible, infrared

visible, infrared

1. Visible satellite sensors measure the amount of visible light that is ? by Earth and atmosphere.

reflected

2. Infrared satellite sensors measure that amount of infrared energy that is ? by the highest object at a given location.

emitted

3. Water vapor satellite sensors measure that amount of infrared energy that is ? by the top of the vapor layer at a given location.

emitted

Exam 1 Spring 2024 Flashcards

Canvas Polls and Exam 1