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EBP > Exam 1 Review > Flashcards

Exam 1 Review Flashcards

1
Q

Treatment effectiveness is demonstrated when there is is clinical improvement from the treatment in the

A

Real-world context

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2
Q

Compares two or more conditions to determine a cause and relationship and allows the researcher to draw conclusions about observed differences

A

Experimental research

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3
Q

If you have a highly homogenous distribution of participant scores you will likely have a

A

Small standard deviation

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4
Q

An occupational therapist is attempting to determine the treatment efficacy for a previously developed method of intervention for spastic dysarthria. In order to determine an accurate measure of treatment efficacy, he should research

A

META-ANALYSIS AND SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS Meta-analyses and systematic reviews that synthesize the

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5
Q

_______ _______ would occur if a first treatment condition affected participant performance on a second treatment condition

A

Carryover effect

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6
Q

if a research participant’s performance in a study was influenced by their awareness of being in a research study

A

Hawthorne effect

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7
Q

potential change in data that occurs sometime from the beginning to the end of an experiment. These changes can arise due to factors such as participant fatigue or familiarity with assessment and/or intervention materials.

A

Order effect

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8
Q

clinical decision based on research evidence, clinical expertise, patient values and preferences, and clinical circumstances.

A

Evidence based practice

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9
Q

should include a study design, criteria for selecting participants, how she selected her participants, description and number of participants, measurement techniques, data collection techniques, and data analysis procedures

A

Methods section

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10
Q

should include a narrative description of statistical outcomes, tables and figures that summarize findings, and statements that support or reject the hypothesis

A

Results section

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11
Q

◦To establish the measure as having good reliability, it should have:

A

High reliability coefficient and a low standard of error

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12
Q

If a researcher is analyzing data collected during his research study and has found that p<.05, he may decide to reject the

A

Null hypothesis

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13
Q

refers to how well a test detects a condition that is actually present

A

Test-sensitivity

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14
Q

there is a normal distribution of data in this statistical procedure

A

parametric statistical procedures

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15
Q

Any factor that is NOT directly related to the purpose of the study, but may affect the dependent variable. When these factors are not controlled, they exert a confounding influence on the independent variable, that is they contaminate the independent variable in such a way that their separate effects are obscured.

◦Example: Study with adhesive capsulitis, patient was taking pain meds and did NOT disclose this

A

Extraneous Variable/Confounding factor

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16
Q

◦analysis of variance statistical procedure appropriate for comparison of three or more treatment groups or conditions, or the simultaneous manipulation of 2 or more independent variables
◦this is the best measure to use when utilizing Simultaneous Comparison of several means

A

ANOVA

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17
Q

refers to how well the measure reflects a theoretical construct of the characteristic of interest

A

Construct validity

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18
Q

PICO stands for what?

A

Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome

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19
Q

when the researcher reports that no relationship (or improvement/progress) exists between the intervention and the outcome, when there really was a relationship or improvement

A

Type 2 error

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20
Q

refers to how well the test items measure the characteristics or behaviors of interest

A

Content validity

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21
Q

A variable that will predict or cause an outcome. A condition, intervention, or characteristic that will predict or cause a given outcome. The variable can be described as a condition that can change behavior

A

IV

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22
Q

the response or outcome related to the effect of the IV. The dependent variable can be described as the behavior that may change.

A

DV

23
Q

refers to test stimuli, methods, or procedures reflecting the assumptions that all populations have the same life experiences and have learned similar concepts and vocabulary.

A

CONTENT BIAS

24
Q

a parametric test for comparing 2 means (for example this test is used when there is a single dependent variable, but a comparison between groups)

◦Example: Best means of analysis to use when you have a study of a new treatment technique, but have 2 groups – one participating for 30 minutes a day and one group participating for 60 minutes a day.

A

T-test

25
Q

The Collaborative Institutional Training Initiative and is dedicated to promoting the public’s trust in the research enterprise.

A

CITI

26
Q

3 categories of quantitative research

A

1.Experimental
2.Descriptive
3.Mixed Experimental-Descriptive research

27
Q

Standard deviation is the average amount that all scores in the distribution deviate from the mean. What does a small standard deviation indicate?

A

more homogeneity

28
Q

there is a normal distribution of data

A

parametric statistical procedures

29
Q

there is not a normal distribution of data

A

nonparametric statistical procedures

30
Q

Which is more powerful? Parametric or nonparametric statistics?

A

Parametric statistics

31
Q

just means the probability of the findings.

For example, if the value is p<.05, that means the probability of that finding being true is 95% and the probability of the finding being false is 5%. And if we say that p<.01 that just means the probability of the findings being true are 99% and only 1% chance of the findings being incorrect. That is a very brief explanation of statistical findings

A

P value

32
Q

considered to be the “gold standard” of true experimental designs. This type of design is considered the most rigorous

A

Randomized control trial

33
Q

CAN be manipulated

A

IV

34
Q

a perspective to explore and understand human behavior

A

Qualitative Research

35
Q

Three measures of central tendency

A

Mean, median, mode

36
Q

Four Scales of Measurement:

A
  1. Ratio
  2. Ordinal
  3. Nominal
  4. Interval
37
Q

Main sections of a research article:

A

1.Abstract
2.Introduction
3.Methods
4.Results
5.Discussion
6.References

38
Q

should include a narrative description of statistical outcomes, tables and figures that summarize statistical findings, and statements that support or reject the hypothesis

A

Results section of RA

39
Q

the response or outcome related to the effect of the independent variable

A

Dependent variable

40
Q

p<.05 means the null hypothesis

A

is rejected

41
Q

A parametric test for comparing two means is

A

A t-test

42
Q

statement of the expected relationship between variables

A

Hypothesis

43
Q

tool, assessment, or instrument used to test and see if the dependent variable was affected or changed by the independent variable

A

Outcome measure

44
Q

how consistent one researcher is when making the same measurement more than once

A

Intra-Rater Agreement

45
Q

2 potentials sources of error

A

SYSTEMATIC and UNSYSTEMATIC

46
Q

equipment needing to be calibrated

A

SYSTEMATIC ERROR

47
Q

equipment malfunction

A

UNSYSTEMATIC ERROR

48
Q

disparity between the language or dialect used by the examiner, the child, and/or the language or dialect expected in the child’s response.

A

LINGUISTIC BIAS

49
Q

refers to how well the measure reflects a theoretical construct of the characteristic of interest

A

CONSTRUCT VALIDITY

50
Q

when the researcher reports a relationship between the intervention and the outcome (or progress) when no relationship (or progress) really exists.

A

TYPE 1 ERROR

51
Q

refers to how well the measure correlates with an outside criterion
The ability of an assessment to produce results that are in agreement with or predict a known criterion assessment

A

Criterion validity

52
Q

analysis of covariance- statistical procedure used to compare 2 or more treatment groups while controlling for the effect of 1 or more confounding variables (called covariates)

A

ANCOVA

53
Q

estimates the degree to which null hypothesis is false

A

Effect size

EBP (22 decks)

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