EXAM 1 Review Flashcards
Anthropology
The comparative a holistic study of human biology and culture
Linguistics
Langauage
Biological anthropology
Aka. Physical
-Human palentology
-Forensics
-Anthropology
-Population genetics
-Osteology
Cultural Anthropology
-Medical anthropology
-Ethnohistory
-Comparative Religions
-Nutritional anthropology
-Economic anthropology
-Anthropology of development
-applied anthropology
Paleontology
the study of the human and primate fossil record
Osteology
The study of the human skeleton
What can we learn of through Osteology?
-age
-sex
-signs of malnutrition
-Warfare
-Disease
-mass death
-body modifications
Porotic Hyperostosis
The study of the skull due to iron deficiency or anemia
-honeycomb like structure
Harris Lines
The Study of the longbones due to long periods of malnutrition
-Looks like stripes
Human Variation
works with living groups population genetics (blood samples)
Anthropometry
The study of human weights and measurements
What is Anthropometry -
How is the Spanish conquest of Peru and the belief in Evil spirits connected to anthropometry?
the scientific study of the measurements and proportions of the human body. It is used to study variations in human form and function (for example to understand differences between people of different races and what may have caused those differences—adaptations)
-Incans have large barrel chests—because Incans live in high altitudes they have adapted larger chests
-Spanish conquest - European Women were having trouble having children in the high altitudes because Europeans had lack of adaptations (they weren’t used to the high altitudes). They believed that Evil spirits were not allowing the babies to be born in Peru, but it was actually that the babies were dying of hypoxia, or lack of oxygen because of the high altitudes.
Archeology
The study of human cultural remains and attempts to reconstruct the lifeways of past human societies
-Ex. Artifacts found with human burials
Neanderthal burials
-1st instance of groups burying the dead
-Buried with hand tools and symbols
-Everyone is treated the same
Why is the Lascaux Cave important? What socio political level did the burials there reveal?
Cave in France that was famous for it’s Paleolithic cave paintings.
-dating back to 18,000 years ago in France
-TRIBAL level (15 year old girl is buried in a robe of shells, even though it wasn’t near the sea, with Painted murals of life size horses. This was different than the rest of the burials and indicated she was royalty)
-Shells = indicates that there were shell trade networks
-Elaborate burial = indicate royalty
What are the Etowah Indian Mounds? What socio political level do the mounds reveal?
Burial mounds in Georgia built by Native Americans during the time period known as the Mississippian Culture
-built around 1200 AD
-CHIEFTAIN LEVEL because they had separate mounds for different classes, which indicates a caste system
-had 4 different kinds of burials
-Commoners
-Warriors
-Priests
-Royalty
What does the Aztec burials indicate about their culture?
-1500 AD Mexico
-state level societies
-Lots of specialization (Massive differentiation in burials indicated there was massive differentiation in social stratification/status)
they had state level government, royalty, slaves, sacrifices
Linguistic anthropology
the study of human language
-Uses core words
Glottochronology
The use of statistical data to date the divergence of languages from their common sources
-Look at core words
-Look at verbs
-Look at more complex words
Cultural Anthropology
the comparative and holistic study of human culture, is both historical and contemporary
-looking for trends
Comparative
Two or more units of analysis are compared
-Looking for patterns
-Ex. Differences in chasity
-Some believe in chasity
-Some believe in multiple partners
Holistic
eclectic, all perspectives must be examined to explain human phenomena
-Look as a whole
Holistic - Ex. Beri Beri in Thailand
-Doctors from the west were treating people in Thailand villiages
-Patients were becoming sick from vitamin deficiencies
-Doctors began to practice the culture that the people practiced
-Discovered the fish sauce destroyed the nutrients in the rice
Participant Observation
Anthropologists live with the people they stufy anf participate in their culture