ANTH 205 - Exam 3 Review (culture & disease patterning + Filariasis in India)) Flashcards
What is never Random, but always patterned?
Disease -
What are the 4 Categories of Variables of Disease Patterning?
- Environmental
- Demographic
- Idiosyncratic
- Cultural -
What category of variables of disease patterning is it when some diseases are more common or even restricted to certain areas, most of our bad diseases today are from tropical areas (example: Filariasis in India, Malaria)?
Environmental -
Describe the origins of Malaria:
*Began about 2000 years ago in Central and West Africa with the spread of agriculture.
*The deforestation of tropical areas caused the rapid spread of the disease.
*Transmission by mosquitoes.
*Occurs mostly in rural, poor economical areas. -
What category of variables of disease patterning is it when population factors, how large the population is and how densely settled it is contributes to how strong/deadly the disease gets?
Demographic -
What is an example of a disease caused by the specific demographic?
small pox in the New World -
What is a smallpox like disease that wiped out the Aztecs in America?
Cocolitzli -
What killed over 90% of the Aztec population?
Smallpox (Cocolitzli) -
What is the severity or harmfulness of a disease?
virulence -
Describe why small pox was so deadly in some areas and not others:
-probability of transmission of disease relates directly to it’s virulence - insurance of transmission selects for higher virulence
-when the probability of transmission of disease is high, more virulent strains will be selected
-when probability of transmission is low, less virulent strains will be selected
-if a disease is so deadly that it kills everyone, the disease will die too
-lots and lots of variations and strains -
What happens if a disease is so deadly that it kills everyone?
-if a disease is so deadly that it kills everyone, the disease will die too. Cocolitzli died out because it killed all of the Aztecs
How do we know how likely a disease is to be transmitted?
-probability of transmission of disease relates directly to it’s virulence
What category of variables of disease patterning is it when risks which are particular to the individual, can be behavioral or genetic, can be gender-specific like prostate cancer, and behavioral: smoking, working in a coal mine, eating saturated fat all the time?
Idiosyncratic -
Describe the variables of an indiosyncratic disease?
when risks which are particular to the individual, can be behavioral or genetic, can be gender-specific like prostate cancer, and behavioral: smoking, working in a coal mine, eating saturated fat all the time?
What category of variables of disease patterning is it when health risks which directly relate to normative cultural behavior?
Cultural -
What diseases are from the Far East?
flu and zoonose -
Why is the virulence of the flu from the far east reduced often?
because it runs into barriers around the population of the US like immunizations, spread out population, health care, etc… -
What are examples of a disease caused by culture?
-example: Beri Beri in Thailand (thiamine fortified fish sauce can help)
-example: prostate cancer in U.S.: Americans eat a LOT of red meat, some of the highest prostate cancer rates
-example: heart disease in Japan: traditionally not a problem - diets with vegetables and seafood, very little fat and not much red meat; after WWII and industrial revolution there, along with different changes in lifestyle (more Western idea for business, high-stress work environment, fast food proliferated, increasing heart disease) -
How do we track new cases in a specific population each year?
Incidence Rate -