ANTH 205 - Exam 3 Review (medical anthropology) Flashcards
What is the comparative and holistic study of culture’s impact on health and health-seeking behavior?
Medical Anthropology -
What is one of the most unifying of all of the various subfields because of common interests in culture and health?
Interdisciplinary medical anthropology -
What is the study of disease and prehistoric populations?
Paleopathology -
How does a paleopathologist study diseases in the prehistoric populations?
- Skeletal Indicators
-Cultural Patterns: - warfare
- slavery in ancient Egypt
- Degenerative knee disease in Eskimos due to dogsledding
- Lack of Cancer: in pre industrial societies. -
Describe the Lack of Cancer in prehistoric populations:
cancer only present society –> happens in organs most of the time; symptoms of the past are more along the lines of in the bones, blood cancers, leukemia -
What are population factors, settlement changes, age and sex ratios, life expectancy?
Paleodemography -
What is an example of paleodemography?
shift to agriculture = health down. Increase in both infectious disease and episodes of nutritional stress.
- Dickson Mound: site in Illinois.
- Enamel Hypoplasias
- Harris Lines
- Porotic Hyperostosis -
What causes lines on the teeth from malnutrition that is basically the thinning of enamel on the teeth?
Enamel Hypoplasias -
What is caused from nutritional stress; lines on the ends of long bones?
Harris Lines -
What is the thickening and porousness over the eye bones caused by iron deficiency anemia?
Porotic Hyperostosis -
Who was the first identified the relationship between sickle cells anemia and malaria?
Frank Livingstone (physical anthropologist) -
What is reconstructions of diet and habitat?
Archaeological Contributions -
What shows the origins of Agriculture, Coprolites (dry or fossilized feces), Artifacts, Art depicting illness, etc.?
Archaeological Contributions -
What is dry or fossilized feces used to study diets and habitats of different cultures?
Coprolite -
What works with folk domains and taxonomies?
Linguistics -
What is a general term for a number of approaches to analyze written, vocal, or sign language use, or any significant semiotic event?
Discourse analysis -
Describe Cultural Studies in Medical Anthropology:
- studies of ethnomedicine, including ethnobotany, often tied to belief systems
- studies of personality and mental health in diverse cultural settings
- applied studies in international public health and planned community change programs -
What is an example of cultural studies in medical anthropology?
Peter Brown and Malaria in Sardinia, Native beliefs and health
-dont sleep with windows open
-live in highlands
-work in lowlands, but get back to high altitudes before nighttime -
What is an example of studies of ethnomedicine, including ethnobotany, often tied to belief systems?
Macpalxoxitl, Fritz, etc. -
What is an example of studies of personality and mental health in diverse cultural settings?
Susto and social role performance -
What are modern drugs and Indigenous use?
Ethnobotany -
What are examples of ethnobotany?
- Curare
- Aloe Vera
- Aspirin from Willow Bark -
What is a blow gun poison that was traditionally used in Amazon tribes to hunt monkeys, extracted from a plant (It blocks neurotransmitters and causes paralysis)?
Curare -
Why has curare been an important invention?
it has helped with abdominal surgeries because it paralyzes a patient without affecting their organs and prevents muscle contractions -
What is a Mexican Hand-Flower tree (flower resembles open human hand) that Aztec used to help with lower abdominal pains and cardiac/heart problems?
Mācpalxōchitl -
What is a culture bound syndrome with a heavy disease load?
Susto -
What is sometimes considered just a way to get out of going to work?
Susto -
What is Susto also known as?
Soul loss -
What is the immediate cause of susto?
fright (soul has been scared away) -
What is the ultimate cause of susto?
witchcraft (concept of limited good) -
Where does susto usually occur?
in small agrarian societies where most of everyone makes subsistence level -
What is the etic view of susto?
-they have failed a social role performance
-they are the sickest of the sick -
What are the forms of therapy for susto?
materia medica -
What is the Aztec Disease theory?
Tonali -
What are examples of the Aztec disease theory?
-sniffing hot pepper seeds
-piercing the septum with cactus needle and letting them bleed -
What is EEA, life expectancy, applications?
Evolutionary Medicine -
What are examples of evolutionary medicine?
- Chronic Disease
-Thrifty genes - Infectious Disease -
What was selected during our evolutionary past to predispose carriers towards more efficient extraction and retention of scarce, yet essential nutrients: ie. fats and carbs, protein, and salt ?
Thrifty genes -
What uses evolutionary models at the population level to mold pathogens to a more benign state of existence?
Infectious Disease -
What did Eaton and Konner study about behavioral evolutionary medicine?
comparisons of paleolithic nutrition and activity with that of today -
What is an example of evolutionary medicine with infectious diseases?
-the use of wide-spectrum antibacterials
-rethinking cost-benefit analysis
-“nothing but nets” -
What is an antibiotic that acts against a wide range of disease-causing bacteria?
wide-spectrum antibiotics -
