Exam 1: More General Concepts and Assessment Flashcards
Why have welfare assessments
Meet standards of care
Animals are sentient
Goal is to be functioning and feeling well
Prevent “bad” becoming normal
Promote good welfare
Different frameworks to think about welfare (6)
Dawkins: health and wants
Continuum: poor to excellent
Three circles
Five freedoms
Five welfare needs
Five welfare domains
The 5 freedoms
Freedom from hunger and thirst
Freedom from discomfort
Freedom from pain, injury, and disease
Freedom to express normal behavior
Freedom from fear and distress
The five freedoms and the three circles
Overlap between the circle and which freedoms represent them
Freedoms in the Functioning circle
Freedom from hunger and thirst
Freedom from discomfort
Freedom from pain, injury, and disease
Freedoms in the Affective State circle
Freedom from hunger and thirst
Freedom from discomfort
Freedom from pain, injury, and disease
Freedom to express normal behavior
Freedom from fear and distress
Freedoms in the Natural Living circle
Freedom to express normal behavior
Problems with the 5 freedoms
Conflicting ideals
Illogical
5 freedoms - conflicting ideals
Providing one freedom may conflict with another freedom
Freedom from disease - animal needs treatment and is scared and distressed during handling –> animal does not have freedom from discomfort nor freedom from fear and distress
5 freedoms - illogical
Nothing can be completely controlled
There is always the possibility that an animal will not have one of the freedoms
Freedom from fear and distress –> have to encounter humans
Freedom from disease –> always pathogens around
Is wellbeing only the absence of negatives
No, also need presence of positives
Behaviors that indicate positive experience
Play
Affiliative behaviors (social grooming)
Anticipatory behavior
Species dependent actions (tail wags, barks, etc.)
Exploratory
Why is it an issue that there are problems with the 5 freedoms
If not achievable –> people ignore them
Claims do not equal reality –> limited adherence
Absence of bad does not equal good quality of life
The five welfare needs
Need for a suitable environment
Needs for a suitable diet
Need to be able to exhibit normal behavior patterns
Need to be housed with, or apart from, other animals
Need to be protected from pain, suffering, injury, and disease
The five welfare domains
Nutrition
Environment
Health
Behavior
Mental state
What is emphasized in the 5 welfare domains
Mental state
For every physical aspect affected there is an accompanying affective state
What are welfare inputs
Resource based
Management resources
Environment resources
Animal resources
Inputs: management resources
How much time someone has to care for animals
How trained the people are
Person to animal ratio
Inputs: environment resources
Housing
Nutrition
Vaccines
Treatments
Inputs: animal resources
Genetics
Past or early experiences
Fear thresholds
Social structures
What are welfare outputs
Animal based
Disease
Behavior
Physiology
Outputs: disease
Clinical signs
Illness
Body weight
BCS
Production measures
Outputs: behavior
Amount of time animal is performing an activity
Presence of normal or abnormal behaviors
Number of animals engaged in an activity
Outputs: physiology
Heart rate
Cortisol levels
Blood flow
