Exam 1: More General Concepts and Assessment Flashcards
Why have welfare assessments
Meet standards of care
Animals are sentient
Goal is to be functioning and feeling well
Prevent “bad” becoming normal
Promote good welfare
Different frameworks to think about welfare (6)
Dawkins: health and wants
Continuum: poor to excellent
Three circles
Five freedoms
Five welfare needs
Five welfare domains
The 5 freedoms
Freedom from hunger and thirst
Freedom from discomfort
Freedom from pain, injury, and disease
Freedom to express normal behavior
Freedom from fear and distress
The five freedoms and the three circles
Overlap between the circle and which freedoms represent them
Freedoms in the Functioning circle
Freedom from hunger and thirst
Freedom from discomfort
Freedom from pain, injury, and disease
Freedoms in the Affective State circle
Freedom from hunger and thirst
Freedom from discomfort
Freedom from pain, injury, and disease
Freedom to express normal behavior
Freedom from fear and distress
Freedoms in the Natural Living circle
Freedom to express normal behavior
Problems with the 5 freedoms
Conflicting ideals
Illogical
5 freedoms - conflicting ideals
Providing one freedom may conflict with another freedom
Freedom from disease - animal needs treatment and is scared and distressed during handling –> animal does not have freedom from discomfort nor freedom from fear and distress
5 freedoms - illogical
Nothing can be completely controlled
There is always the possibility that an animal will not have one of the freedoms
Freedom from fear and distress –> have to encounter humans
Freedom from disease –> always pathogens around
Is wellbeing only the absence of negatives
No, also need presence of positives
Behaviors that indicate positive experience
Play
Affiliative behaviors (social grooming)
Anticipatory behavior
Species dependent actions (tail wags, barks, etc.)
Exploratory
Why is it an issue that there are problems with the 5 freedoms
If not achievable –> people ignore them
Claims do not equal reality –> limited adherence
Absence of bad does not equal good quality of life
The five welfare needs
Need for a suitable environment
Needs for a suitable diet
Need to be able to exhibit normal behavior patterns
Need to be housed with, or apart from, other animals
Need to be protected from pain, suffering, injury, and disease
The five welfare domains
Nutrition
Environment
Health
Behavior
Mental state
What is emphasized in the 5 welfare domains
Mental state
For every physical aspect affected there is an accompanying affective state
What are welfare inputs
Resource based
Management resources
Environment resources
Animal resources
Inputs: management resources
How much time someone has to care for animals
How trained the people are
Person to animal ratio
Inputs: environment resources
Housing
Nutrition
Vaccines
Treatments
Inputs: animal resources
Genetics
Past or early experiences
Fear thresholds
Social structures
What are welfare outputs
Animal based
Disease
Behavior
Physiology
Outputs: disease
Clinical signs
Illness
Body weight
BCS
Production measures
Outputs: behavior
Amount of time animal is performing an activity
Presence of normal or abnormal behaviors
Number of animals engaged in an activity
Outputs: physiology
Heart rate
Cortisol levels
Blood flow
How are inputs and outputs related
Welfare inputs affect welfare outputs
An animals management, environment, and the animal itself affects the health, behavior, and physiology of the animal
Organizations that do welfare assessment schemes
Assurewel.org
Welfare Quality Network
WSAVA Welfare Guidelines
C-BARQ, CHEW, QoL
Why do most livestock production industries have animal care guidelines
In response to consumer concerns
Definition of welfare standard
Minimum measurable species specific management criteria at which animals raised
Definition of assurance
Positive declaration intended to give confidence
Definition of quality assurance
Method of maintaining a certain level of quality or preventing defects to provide accurate confidence that an entity will fulfill requirements for quality
Definition of guideline
Document that contains recommended info on how to perform different procedures, treatments, etc.
Definition of certification
Action or process of providing an official document attesting to a status or level of achievement
Definition of assessment/certification program
assessment conducted by a 2nd or 3rd party of how animals are managed in terms of welfare guidelines and standards set using an organization’s audit tool
Definition of 2nd party
A person or group affiliated with a company that is affected by the outcomes of company actions
Biased
Definition of 3rd party
A person or organization independent of consumer-supplier relationship
No conflict of interest
Definition of stakeholder
A person or organization with an investment, interest, concern in business
Definition of audit
Official inspection of an animal production-related facility, typically by an independent body
Definition of audit tool
The document of written standards that the inspector uses to perform the audit
Definition of external audit
An audit performed by 2nd and 3rd parties
3rd party ideal because less biased
Definition of internal audit
An audit conducted by employees of the company being audited
Biased
