Exam 1: Introduction and History Flashcards
Added to Vet Oath
Protection of animal welfare
Prevention of animal suffering
Genetic welfare problems in companion animals
Bad breeding
Example - smushed faced breeds
Risks of not addressing public concern (4)
Accusations of overtreatment
Weak morality
Complicit in animal welfare problems
Unjustifiable profiteering; “Just in it for the money”; Questionable ties - “in cahoots”
Proximate solutions
Solutions for right now
Ultimate soultions
To fix the overall problem
Animal welfare in vet med (9)
Behavioral needs
Good health needs
Quality of life
Pain and euthanasia
Neglect and cruelty
Transportation and slaughter
One health initiative
Infectious diseases
Ethics of animals bred for certain unhealthy traits
What is the reporting obligation in NY
Voluntary reporting, immune form liability
What is mandated reporting
Must report suspected animal cruelty to the proper authorities
Client focused
Make decisions (clinical or welfare) in order to further protect the interests of clients
Vet focused
Make decisions in order to further or protect our own interests
Animal (welfare) focused
Make recommendations based on what is in best interest of the animal’s welfare
Pythagoras and others
500 - 300 BCE
People are similar to animals so we shouldn’t eat them
Stoics
Animal’s aren’t rational so don’t need to worry about if treating them fairly
Plutarch
Animal’s may not be rational, but should still be kind to them
Porphyry
250 ACE
Animal’s deserve moral considerations because they can feel distress
First formal animal protections law
1822
Passed by British
RSPCA
Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals
1824
Oldest animal welfare charity in the world
“The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals”
Darwin
1872
How do animals express emotions including suffering
His dog’s sadness alleviated by a walk
Pain in US 1860s
Many human procedures performed without anesthesia
Only whites, women, and the wealthy though to feel pain
So animals?
“Be Kind to Animals”
Dr. William Key - former slave, self taught vet
late 1800s - early 1900s
“Beautiful Jim” - horse
Taught Beautiful Jim to read, spell, tell time, math
Used only patience and kindness
Never used a whip
Humane Methods of Slaughter Act (US)
1958
Animal must be completely sedated and insensible to pain at slaughter
Only federal legislation “protecting” farmed animals
Poultry exempt
The three Rs
1950s - 1960s
Replacement - alternatives to animal use
Refinement - minimize animal’s pain and distress by improving techniques
Reduction - reduce number of animals used
Ruth Harrison
1964
“Animal Machines” - modern intensive farming practices in Great Britain
Brambell Report
Brambell committee (UK)
Addressed Harrison’s concerns of welfare in farmed animals
Animal welfare science
Farm Animal Welfare Committee (UK) created
Brambell’s 5 freedoms
Public concern in the 1960s
Pepper the dog stolen from family and sold to experiment
Life magazine - “Concentration camp for dogs”
Laboratory Animal Welfare Act (US)
1966
First federal US law regarding animals used for research
Minimum standards of care and housing
Dealers licensed and labs registered
IDs for dogs and cats to prevent theft
What happened to Lab animal welfare act in 1970
Renamed to Animal Welfare Act (US)
Peter Singer
1975
“Animal Liberation”
Interests of animals should be considered because of their ability to experience suffering
“Speciesism”
Bernie Rollin
1978
First veterinary ethics course
The 5 freedoms
- Freedom from hunger and thirst
- Freedom from discomfort
- Freedom from pain, injury, and disease
- Freedom to express normal behavior
- Freedom from fear and distress
Pain in the 1980s
Chemical restraint and sedation - no pain control
Animal welfare act (US)
Multiple amendments
1985 - Acknowledges distress in animals
Food security act’s Improved Standards for Laboratory Animals Act (ISLAA)
Pain control considered in vet med
Telos
Bernard Rollin
Pigness of a pig
Dogness of a dog
Temple Grandin
1990s
Report about visual distractions and stress in handling animals - slaughter and production
Developed restraining system for cattle at slaughter - calmness
Objective scoring system to assess welfare during handling and at slaughterhouses
“Animals are not things”
Amendment to US AWA 2002
Changed definition of “animal” to specifically exclude birds, rats, and mice bred for use in research
Which country is only country to not include rats, mice, and birds within animal welfare laws and regulations
USA
UK Animal Welfare Act
2006
Modified 5 freedoms –> to 5 animal welfare needs
5 Animal Welfare Needs
- Need for suitable environment
- Need for suitable diet and nutrition
- Need to be able to exhibit normal behavior patterns
- Need to be housed with, or apart from, other animals
- Need to be protected from pain, suffering, injury, disease
Ag Gag Laws
2011
Can’t report cruelty/unethical things on farms without being criminalized
Only a few states have Ag Gag laws
2010 update on vet oath
Updated to include:
Protection of animal welfare
Prevention of animal suffering
First global animal welfare strategy
2017
OIE
Development of international animal welfare standards
Enhancement of capacity building and training of veterinary services: as key players in animal welfare issues
Communication with governments, national and international organizations, and the public to raise awareness on animal welfare
