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Animal Welfare and Behavior > Exam 1: Behavior - Development, Emotions, and the Brain > Flashcards

Exam 1: Behavior - Development, Emotions, and the Brain Flashcards

1
Q

What does behavior depend on

A

Genetics

Environment

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2
Q

What contributes to behavior

A

Everything

Brain, nervous system

Genetics, inherited traits

Experiences, environment

Emotions

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3
Q

Experiences, environment, and the brain

A

Normal development of the brain and sense organs requires novelty and varied sensory inputs

Effects of deprivation during early development are also relatively permanent

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4
Q

Socialization period

A

Learning about environment, littermates, mother, and humans

Play

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5
Q

Sensitive period

A

Time in life of animal when small amount of experience (or lack of) will have a large effect on later behavior

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6
Q

Temperment

A

Genetically-acquired

Inherited behavioral responses to specific situations or stimuli

“Tendency” to respond in a certain way

Tendencies continue throughout life

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7
Q

What is foundation for personality

A

Genetically inherited tendencies

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8
Q

Personality

A

Combination of animal’s temperament, learning experiences, and development

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9
Q

What does personality describe

A

How an animal might react to general situations

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10
Q

What are the most commonly measured personality factors

A

Exploration, Activity, Aggressiveness, Sociability, Boldness

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11
Q

Emotion

A

Genetically influenced

Nervous system processing/activity in brain regions

Hormone release

Behavioral responses to certain classes of stimuli

Discretely focused and short lived

Components of a feeling

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12
Q

Emotional systems and behavior

A

Emotional systems motivate behavior

The brain systems control emotions

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13
Q

Jaak Panksepp

A

Outlined major emotional systems located in the subcortical areas of the brain

These emotional systems drive behavior, are similar in all mammals, and are in some of the most ancient regions of the brain

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14
Q

Part of brain used for thinking and flexible problem solving

A

Cerebral cortex

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15
Q

Limbic system

A

Part of the brain responsible for emotions

Active when an individual has feelings

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16
Q

Parts of the limbic system (5)

A 
Hypothalamus
Hippocampus
Amygdala
Thalamus
Cortex
17
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

Acetylcholine - highly concentrated in neurons of basal ganglia, used by motor neurons of spinal cords

18
Q

Transmitter amines

A

Dopamine (catecholamine) - in substantia nigra

Noradrenaline (norepinephrine) (catecholamine) - in locus coeruleus in brain stem

Serotonin (indoleamine) - in brain stem

19
Q

Transmitter amino acids

A

GABA - in neurons in basal ganglia going to substantia nigra; cerebellum

20
Q

Arousal

A

Intense emotional state

21
Q

Fear

A

Emotional state and reaction of apprehension and fright due to presence/proximity of specific stimulus perceived as a threat/danger

22
Q

Anxiety

A

Emotional anticipation of adverse event, danger, threat

Absence of identifiable stimulus

Anticipation of something unpleasant that may or may not be real

23
Q

Phobia

A

Profound excessive abnormal fear response that occurs without the presence of a true threat or is out of proportion to the needs for dealing with an actual threat

Maladaptive and interfere with normal function

24
Q

Affective states

A

Include all emotions or feelings experienced as pleasant of unpleasant

Experienced consciously and which motivate animals to behave in a particular way

25
Q

Motivation

A

Urge to perform a behavior

Goal directed

Inputs to the brain impact motivation and resultant behavior

26
Q

Emotional conflict

A

Animal has competing emotions or motivations

27
Q

Frustration

A

Animal is motivated to perform a behavior but is unable to do so

28
Q

Cognitive bias

A

Previous experiences, emotions, and affective sates influence cognitive processes including attention, judgement, and memory

29
Q

Negative cognitive biass

A

Individuals with a negative state of mind are more likely to attend to adverse stimuli, recall more negative memories, and judge ambiguous info as more negative

30
Q

Stress and memory

A

Emotional disturbance (Stress) affects memory

If stressed memory isn’t as good

Animal Welfare and Behavior (13 decks)

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