Exam 1: Canine Abnormal Behavior - Management Flashcards
Cognitive dysfunction syndrome
Neurodegenerative disease - gradual cognitive decline and increasing brain pathology
DISHA(A)
D - Disorientation (navigation, walking)
I - Interaction changes: social interactions (decreased or clinging)
S - Sleep/wake cycle changes
H - House soiling
A - Activity level changes (decreased exploration, decreased appetite)
(A) - Anxiety (pacing, vocalization, restless)
CCD
Canine Cognitive Dysfunction
Selegiline
FDA approved medication for CCD
Calming supplements for CCD
Soliquin, Adaptil, Composure
Common misconceptions on aggression
If I train my dog he won’t bite, it is an obedience thing
My dog won’t bite again, it was a one time thing
Punishment reduces aggression
ABCs of aggression
Antecedent
Behavior
Consequence
Anecedent
When, where occurred
Who was there or not
How do people and dog react
What has been done to “treat”
Behavior
What is the problem behavior
What it presents like
Consequence
What occurs
How does dog react
How do people react
What has been done to “treat’
How has it progressed
Types of aggression
Unfamiliar people/animals
Fear or anxiety
Territorial and protective
Possessive and resource guarding
Redirected and excitement related
Defensive vs offensive
Learned
Medical, including pain
Play related
Redirected and excitement related aggression
Dog is in a state of emotional arousal and unable to reach appropriate target
If dog interrupted behavior can be redirected to an alternate target inappropriately
Define Resource guarding
Use of aggressive behavior by dog to retain possession of valued resource in presence of another person/animal
Most common reason for biting familiar children
Resource guarding
Common errors of dealing with resource guarding
Taking away, giving, taking away, repeating - not getting dog used to it - flooding - bad
Removing food dish during mealtime
Never letting dog win tug of war
Neurotranimitters
Acetylcholine
Transmitter amines
Dopamine
Noradrenaline
Serotonin
Transmitter amino acids
GABA
Dopamine
Regulates motor activities and appetitive behaviors
Executive functions, attention, working memory, reward
Decreased amounts of dopamine
Apathy
Decreased emotional arousal
Movement disorders (Parkinsonian)
Increased amounts of dopamine
Stereotypies
Psychosis
Serotonin
Role in mood, emotions, appetite, cognition
Decreased amounts of serotonin
Depression
Lack of impulse control
Aggression
Chronic stress?
Acute psychoactive treatments - short acting
Benzodiazepines
Dexmedetomidine
Trazodone
Chronic psychoactive treatments - long acting
SSRIs
Serotonin 1-A agonist
TCAs
MAOIs
Acute or chronic psychoactive treatments
Trazodone
Gabapentin
Benzodiazepines
Acute
Facilitate action of inhibitory transmitter GABA in CNS
Decreases neurotransmitters throughout CNS
Caution with aggressive dogs - may cause disinhibition
Dexmedetomidine
Acute
Inhibits release of norepinephrine from noradrenergic neurons
“Sileo”
Sileo
Acute
FDA approved for noise aversion in dogs
Oromucosal gel
Give 30-60 min before noise stimulus
Serotonergic
Long term use
SSRIs, TCAs, SARI, Serotonin 1-A agonists
All should be used in conjunction with behavior modification
Caution with serotonin syndrome
Serotonin syndrome
Toxicity with multiple meds facilitating action of serotonin in excess
SSRIs
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
Inhibit uptake of serotonin
Cause increase in serotonergic neurotransmission and allow serotonin molecules to act for extended periods of time
Fluoxetine
SSRI
Prozac
FDA approved for separation anxiety
Takes 4+ weeks for therapeutic effect
Dr. Contreras prefers this for separation anxiety
Serotonin 1-A agonist
Buspirone
Anxiety disorders and phobias
Can have acute onset effects at higher doses
But typically takes 1-4 weeks for effects - long term drug
TCAs
Tricyclic antidepressants
Also have antihistaminic and anticholinergic effects
Clomipramine - FDA approved for separation anxiety, storm phobia
Long term chronic use
MAOIs
Monoamine Oxase Inhibitors
Long term chronic
Selegiline - FDA approved for dogs with cognitive dysfunction syndrome
SARI
Serotonin antagonist reuptake inhibitor
Trazodone
Acute or chronic
Noise aversion
Gabapentin
Acute or chronic
Anticonvulsant
Pain
Caution with impaired renal function
Meds for separation anxiety
Fluoxetine (Prozac) - FDA approved
Clomipramine - FDA approved
Meds for repetitive, obsessive compulsive behaviors
Fluoxetine (Prozac)
Meds for aggression
Only if also with behavior modification
Fluoxetine (Prozac)
Meds for noise aversion
Dexmedetomidine transmucosal (“Sileo” is FDA approved)
Trazodone
Med for Canine cognitive dysfunction
Selegiline - FDA approved
