Exam 1: Canine Abnormal Behavior - Management

Question 1

Cognitive dysfunction syndrome

Answer 1

Neurodegenerative disease - gradual cognitive decline and increasing brain pathology

Question 2

DISHA(A)

Answer 2

D - Disorientation (navigation, walking)

I - Interaction changes: social interactions (decreased or clinging)

S - Sleep/wake cycle changes

H - House soiling

A - Activity level changes (decreased exploration, decreased appetite)

(A) - Anxiety (pacing, vocalization, restless)

Question 3

CCD

Answer 3

Canine Cognitive Dysfunction

Question 4

Selegiline

Answer 4

FDA approved medication for CCD

Question 5

Calming supplements for CCD

Answer 5

Soliquin, Adaptil, Composure

Question 6

Common misconceptions on aggression

Answer 6

If I train my dog he won’t bite, it is an obedience thing

My dog won’t bite again, it was a one time thing

Punishment reduces aggression

Question 7

ABCs of aggression

Answer 7

Antecedent
Behavior
Consequence

Question 8

Anecedent

Answer 8

When, where occurred

Who was there or not

How do people and dog react

What has been done to “treat”

Question 9

Behavior

Answer 9

What is the problem behavior

What it presents like

Question 10

Consequence

Answer 10

What occurs

How does dog react

How do people react

What has been done to “treat’

How has it progressed

Question 11

Types of aggression

Answer 11

Unfamiliar people/animals

Fear or anxiety

Territorial and protective

Possessive and resource guarding

Redirected and excitement related

Defensive vs offensive

Learned

Medical, including pain

Play related

Question 12

Redirected and excitement related aggression

Answer 12

Dog is in a state of emotional arousal and unable to reach appropriate target

If dog interrupted behavior can be redirected to an alternate target inappropriately

Question 13

Define Resource guarding

Answer 13

Use of aggressive behavior by dog to retain possession of valued resource in presence of another person/animal

Question 14

Most common reason for biting familiar children

Answer 14

Resource guarding

Question 15

Common errors of dealing with resource guarding

Answer 15

Taking away, giving, taking away, repeating - not getting dog used to it - flooding - bad

Removing food dish during mealtime

Never letting dog win tug of war

Question 16

Neurotranimitters

Answer 16

Acetylcholine

Question 17

Transmitter amines

Answer 17

Dopamine
Noradrenaline
Serotonin

Question 18

Transmitter amino acids

Answer 18

GABA

Question 19

Dopamine

Answer 19

Regulates motor activities and appetitive behaviors

Executive functions, attention, working memory, reward

Question 20

Decreased amounts of dopamine

Answer 20

Apathy

Decreased emotional arousal

Movement disorders (Parkinsonian)

Question 21

Increased amounts of dopamine

Answer 21

Stereotypies

Psychosis

Question 22

Serotonin

Answer 22

Role in mood, emotions, appetite, cognition

Question 23

Decreased amounts of serotonin

Answer 23

Depression

Lack of impulse control

Aggression

Chronic stress?

Question 24

Acute psychoactive treatments - short acting

Answer 24

Benzodiazepines

Dexmedetomidine

Trazodone

Question 25

Chronic psychoactive treatments - long acting

Answer 25

SSRIs

Serotonin 1-A agonist

TCAs

MAOIs

Question 26

Acute or chronic psychoactive treatments

Answer 26

Trazodone

Gabapentin

Question 27

Benzodiazepines

Answer 27

Acute

Facilitate action of inhibitory transmitter GABA in CNS

Decreases neurotransmitters throughout CNS

Caution with aggressive dogs - may cause disinhibition

Question 28

Dexmedetomidine

Answer 28

Acute

Inhibits release of norepinephrine from noradrenergic neurons

“Sileo”

Question 29

Sileo

Answer 29

Acute

FDA approved for noise aversion in dogs

Oromucosal gel

Give 30-60 min before noise stimulus

Question 30

Serotonergic

Answer 30

Long term use

SSRIs, TCAs, SARI, Serotonin 1-A agonists

All should be used in conjunction with behavior modification

Caution with serotonin syndrome

Question 31

Serotonin syndrome

Answer 31

Toxicity with multiple meds facilitating action of serotonin in excess

Question 32

SSRIs

Answer 32

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors

Inhibit uptake of serotonin

Cause increase in serotonergic neurotransmission and allow serotonin molecules to act for extended periods of time

Question 33

Fluoxetine

Answer 33

SSRI

Prozac

FDA approved for separation anxiety

Takes 4+ weeks for therapeutic effect

Dr. Contreras prefers this for separation anxiety

Question 34

Serotonin 1-A agonist

Answer 34

Buspirone

Anxiety disorders and phobias

Can have acute onset effects at higher doses

But typically takes 1-4 weeks for effects - long term drug

Question 35

TCAs

Answer 35

Tricyclic antidepressants

Also have antihistaminic and anticholinergic effects

Clomipramine - FDA approved for separation anxiety, storm phobia

Long term chronic use

Question 36

MAOIs

Answer 36

Monoamine Oxase Inhibitors

Long term chronic

Selegiline - FDA approved for dogs with cognitive dysfunction syndrome

Question 37

SARI

Answer 37

Serotonin antagonist reuptake inhibitor

Trazodone

Acute or chronic

Noise aversion

Question 38

Gabapentin

Answer 38

Acute or chronic

Anticonvulsant

Pain

Caution with impaired renal function

Question 39

Meds for separation anxiety

Answer 39

Fluoxetine (Prozac) - FDA approved

Clomipramine - FDA approved

Question 40

Meds for repetitive, obsessive compulsive behaviors

Answer 40

Fluoxetine (Prozac)

Question 41

Meds for aggression

Answer 41

Only if also with behavior modification

Fluoxetine (Prozac)

Question 42

Meds for noise aversion

Answer 42

Dexmedetomidine transmucosal (“Sileo” is FDA approved)

Trazodone

Question 43

Med for Canine cognitive dysfunction

Answer 43

Selegiline - FDA approved