EXAM 1 domains/functions

Question 1

Clinical taxonomy of attention

Answer 1

sustained, selective, alternating, suppression, working memory (Suzi’s Smart Aunt Sews Well)

Question 2

Sustained (Attention)

Answer 2

Ability to maintain attention during continuous/repetitive activities. (Paying attention to the entire 90 minute lecture)

Question 3

Selective (Attention/Executive control)

Answer 3

selectively process information while inhibiting responses to nontarget information (Listening to professors lecture while ignoring classmates whispering)

Question 4

Alternating (Attention/Executive Control)

Answer 4

Shift focus between tasks, stimuli, or response sets. Mental flexibility. (Switching from chopping, to stirring, to checking temperature when cooking)

Question 5

Suppression (Attention/Executive Control)

Answer 5

Ability to control impulsive responding/automatic response. “Thinking before acting” (Not responding to a rude comment)

Question 6

Working Memory (Attention/executive control)

Answer 6

Ability to hold and manipulate information in mind. (Mentally calculating a tip/ remembering short term instructions. Drive 2 blocks, then turn left at the light)

Question 7

Executive Functions

Answer 7

Brain process that allows us to control our thoughts, ideas, behaviors, & feelings.

Question 8

Components of Executive Functions

Answer 8

Initiation, Problem-Solving, Mental flexibility, Foresight, Planning, Judgement, Inhibition, Reasoning, Self-regulation, Meta-cognition

Question 9

Initiation (Executive Function)

Answer 9

The action of beginning a goal-directed task. (Starting a conversation with someone)

Question 10

Problem-Solving

Answer 10

Identifying the problem, generating potential solutions, choosing a solution, evaluating the outcome. (Moving heavy furniture down a narrow hallway)

Question 11

Mental Flexibility (Executive Function)

Answer 11

Ability to change a course of action or thought based on shifting demands of situation. (waking up late for school, realizing theres no time for breakfast)

Question 12

Foresight (Executive Function)

Answer 12

Thinking ahead to plan out a task. (Planning ahead for a busy week of school)

Question 14

Planning (Executive Function)

Answer 14

Setting objectives and determining a course of action (Planning a dinner. Setting a time, Choosing a menu, making a grocery list)

Question 15

Judgement (Executive Function)

Answer 15

Being able to discern the potentially good and harmful aspects of a situation, act in a way that makes sense. (Deciding whether you need the new Iphone)

Question 16

Inhibition (Executive Function)

Answer 16

Ability to select appropriate responses and suppress unwanted actions. (resisting urge to late night snack.)

Question 17

Reasoning (Executive Function)

Answer 17

Process of forming conclusions, judgements, inferences from facts or premises. (Deciding the best/quickest route to take to work)

Question 18

Self-regulation (Executive Function)

Answer 18

Regulation of ones thoughts, emotional responses, actions, & motivations in order to behave in expected way of a situation. (Controlling temper during argument)

Question 19

Meta-cognition (Executive Function)

Answer 19

Awareness/understanding of own thoughts and skills & how you learn information. Thinking about thinking. (Evaluating study habits while preparing for an exam)

Question 20

Memory Domains

Answer 20

Sensory, Short-term, Long-term

Question 21

Sensory Memory (Memory Domain)

Answer 21

Sensory memory holds a quick flash of information from our sensory organs, so fast and short-lived that most of it doesn’t make it to our conscious awareness unless we focus our attention on it. (Iconic, Echoic, and Haptic)

Question 22

Memory

Answer 22

Memory is the structure and processes involved in the encoding, storage, and retrieval of information, including both procedural and declarative information

Question 23

Short-term Memory

Answer 23

the ability to hold certain information like a phone number in your head until you can write it down

Question 24

Long-term Memory

Answer 24

Like a hard drive you can access for any information you’ve deemed important in the past. (Declarative & Non-Declarative)

Question 25

Declarative

Answer 25

involves you consciously retrieving information and experiences (both specific and general) from your past, and being able to describe or explain them. (Episodic & Semantic)

Question 26

Episodic (Declarative)

Answer 26

(Episode)The particular details of the event, like the people who attended, what food was served, and what you did during the celebration.

Question 27

Semantic (Declarative)

Answer 27

Knowledge of Facts. Remembering what date your birthday is. Understanding what the meaning of a ‘birthday’ is.

Question 28

Non-declarative

Answer 28

holds information that we don’t know we know. (Riding a bike) (Implicit)

Question 29

Procedural (Non-Declarative)

Answer 29

Skill-based actions you learn and commit to memory. (Driving a car with stick shift. 20 years later, you still “remember” how to”

Question 30

Priming

Answer 30

Priming is when the exposure to one stimulus (the car and bike) influences the response to another stimulus (seeing the word “yellow” and then being more likely to recognize the word banana)