exam 1 Flashcards
What is the ability to control impulsive responding during a task called?
suppression attention
This involves inhibiting automatic responses.
What is working memory?
Ability to hold and manipulate info in mind
Example: math computation in head.
What does the Stroop test assess?
Suppression of automatic responses
For instance, saying the color of the word instead of the word itself.
List the basic functions of attention.
- Sustained
- Selective/Focused
- Divided
- Attention Switching
What are the three attention subsystems?
- Alerting
- Orienting
- Executive Control
What role do the temporal lobe and hippocampus play in memory?
Storage of new memories and retrieval of existing memories.
What is the function of the frontal lobe and subcortical structures in memory?
Encoding information and retrieving through executive/supervisory functions.
Where are long-term memory sites located?
Temporo-parietal lobes.
What type of memory is associated with the hippocampus?
Declarative memory
This includes semantic and episodic memory.
What is the role of the prefrontal cortex?
Working memory.
What type of memory does the striatum manage?
Procedural memory.
What type of memory is the amygdala involved with?
Declarative and emotional memory.
What is the function of the cerebellum?
Procedural memory for motor movements, coordination, and reflexes.
What does the thalamus do in the context of memory?
Processing and sensory integration during the formation and storage of memory.
What type of memory is managed by the basal ganglia?
Non-declarative memory.
Which structures are involved in the consolidation from short-term memory to long-term memory?
- Hippocampus
- Entorhinal cortex
What are brain-based memory interventions?
- Restorative (drills, practice)
- Specific knowledge (vanishing cues, errorless learning)
What are strategy-based memory interventions?
- Holistic (comm/family support)
- Compensatory internal (association, grouping, mnemonics)
- Compensatory external (writing, calendars, lists)
What are some treatments for attention issues?
- Direct attention training
- Training specific skills
- Environmental modifications
- Self-management strategies and external aids
What is declarative long-term memory?
- Semantic (knowledge of facts)
- Episodic (personal experiences)
What is non-declarative long-term memory?
Preserved learning of procedural and perceptual skills.
What does executive function initiation refer to?
Beginning a goal-directed task.
What is executive function mental flexibility?
Ability to change a course of action or thought based on shifting demands.
What are the steps involved in executive function problem-solving?
- Identify the problem
- Generate potential solutions
- Choose a solution
- Evaluate the outcome
What is executive function foresight?
Thinking ahead to plan out a task.
What does executive function planning involve?
Setting objectives and determining a course of action.
Define executive function judgment.
Ability to discern good and harmful aspects of a situation.
What is executive function inhibition?
Ability to select appropriate responses and suppress unwanted actions.
What is executive function reasoning?
Process of forming conclusions, judgments, or inferences from facts.
What does executive function self-regulation entail?
Regulation of thoughts, emotional responses, actions, and motivations.
What is meta-cognition in executive function?
Awareness and understanding of one’s own thoughts and learning skills.
What is encoding in the context of memory?
Converts sensory info to a usable form in the brain’s storage systems.
The temporo-parietal lobe is implicated in which types of memory?
Verbal and visual memory.
Which brain structures mediate the retrieval process?
Frontal lobe, cortical, and subcortical structures.
The parietal lobe impacts which type of memory?
Visual memory.
What is the function of the fusiform gyrus?
Remembering and naming seen objects, multisensory integration, and perception.
What is sustained attention?
Ability to maintain attention to a selected stimulus for a prolonged period.
What is selective attention?
Selectively process info while inhibiting responses to nontarget info.
What does alternating attention involve?
Shifting focus between tasks, stimuli, or response sets.
