Aphasia Exam 1 Major neural structures

Question 1

Frontal Lobe (Front of the Brain)

Answer 1

Role: Controls thinking, decision-making, movement, and personality.
Damage: Poor judgment, personality changes, trouble moving (weakness or paralysis).

Question 2

Parietal Lobe (Top/Middle of the Brain)

Answer 2

Role: Processes touch, pain, temperature, and spatial awareness.
Damage Effects: Trouble feeling sensations, difficulty recognizing objects, or getting lost easily.

Question 3

Temporal Lobe (Sides of the Brain, Near Ears)

Answer 3

Role: Controls hearing, memory, and language understanding.
Damage Effects: Trouble recognizing sounds, memory loss, or difficulty understanding words.

Question 4

Occipital Lobe (Back of the Brain)

Answer 4

Role: Processes vision (seeing and recognizing objects).
Damage Effects: Vision problems, blindness, or trouble recognizing faces.

Question 5

Limbic System (Emotional Center)

Answer 5

Role: Controls emotions, memory, and motivation.
Damage Effects: Mood swings, memory loss, and difficulty controlling emotions.

Question 6

Basal Ganglia (Movement Control Center)

Answer 6

Role: Helps start and control movements.
Damage Effects: Tremors, slow movement (as in Parkinson’s disease), or trouble with coordination.

Question 7

Brainstem (Basic Life Functions)

Answer 7

Role: Controls breathing, heart rate, and reflexes.
Damage Effects: Breathing or heart problems, difficulty swallowing, or even coma.

Question 8

Thalamus (Brain’s Relay Station)

Answer 8

Role: Sends sensory information (touch, pain, sight, sound) to the right part of the brain.
Damage Effects: Sensory confusion, trouble focusing, or movement issues

Question 9

Hypothalamus (Body Regulator)

Answer 9

Role: Controls hunger, thirst, sleep, body temperature, and hormones.
Damage Effects: Problems with appetite, body temperature, sleep, or hormone imbalances

Question 10

Cerebellum (Balance & Coordination)

Answer 10

Role: Controls balance, coordination, and fine movements.
Damage Effects: Clumsiness, shaky movements, or trouble walking smoothly.

Question 11

Corpus Callosum

Answer 11

Role: Connects the left and right brain hemispheres, allowing them to communicate.
Damage Effects: Trouble with coordination between the two sides of the body, difficulty processing information, or split-brain symptoms (each side of the brain acting independently)

Question 12

Longitudinal Fissure (Divides the brain into left & right halves)

Answer 12

Damage Effects: Can affect communication between hemispheres if deeper structures are involved.

Question 13

Central Sulcus (Separates the frontal & parietal lobes)

Answer 13

Damage Effects: Problems with movement (frontal lobe) or sensation (parietal lobe).

Question 14

Lateral Sulcus (Sylvian Fissure) (Separates temporal lobe from frontal & parietal lobes)

Answer 14

Damage Effects: Trouble with speech, hearing, or memory (since it borders the temporal lobe).

Question 15

Parieto-Occipital Sulcus (Separates parietal & occipital lobes)

Answer 15

Damage Effects: Issues with vision and spatial awareness.