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Adult Language Assessment > Exam 1 - CN (medical aspects of stroke; site of lesion) > Flashcards

Exam 1 - CN (medical aspects of stroke; site of lesion) Flashcards

1
Q

Transient Ischemic Attack: traditional definition

A

a brief focal cerebral event in which symptoms develop suddenly; part of the brain has temporarily become ischemic; last 2 minutes to 24 hours

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2
Q

ischemic

A

lack of blood flow/O2

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3
Q

TIA: current definition

A

a transient episode of neurological interruption caused by temporary brain ischemia without acute infarction; duration is no longer specified

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4
Q

reversible ischemic neurological deficit (RIND)

A

stroke that gets completely better in 1-3 weeks

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5
Q

stroke

A

a sudden and severe onset of a prominent and frequently persistent neurological deficit; an illness resulting from damage to the parenchyma of the brain; brain death occurs (infarction)

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6
Q

parenchyma

A

tissue

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7
Q

black spot on CT scan =

A

dead tissue

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8
Q

two types of strokes

A
  1. occlusive (ischemic)
  2. hemorrhagic
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9
Q

2 causes of occlusive strokes

A
  1. thrombotic occlusion of artery
  2. embolic occlusion of artery
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10
Q

85% of strokes

A

occlusive

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11
Q

occlusive =

A

ischemic

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12
Q

ischemic =

A

occlusive

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13
Q

occlusive stroke

A

blockage that causes low blood flow to the brain

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14
Q

thrombosis

A

stationary blockage along an arterial wall (narrows artery)

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15
Q

embolus

A

particle that breaks away/floats around in bloodstream

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16
Q

15% of strokes

A

hemorrhagic

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17
Q

hemorrhagic stroke

A

rupture of blood vessel anywhere within skull or brain

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18
Q

bleeding from a complex of abnormally formed vessels

A

hemorrhagic stroke

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19
Q

arteriovenous malformation

A

abnormally formed blood vessels

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20
Q

hemorrhagic strokes can occur within 4 different spaces:

A
  1. intracerebral
    (intracranial)
  2. subarachnoid
  3. subdural
  4. epidural space
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21
Q

intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke

A

parenchyma of brain
somewhere inside skull

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22
Q

intracranial hemorrhagic stroke

A

subarachnoid space
subdural space
epidural space

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23
Q

subarachnoid hemorrhagic stroke

A

intracranial
between pia and arachnoid mater

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24
Q

subdural hemorrhagic stroke

A

intracranial
between arachnoid and dura mater

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25
Q

epidural hemorrhagic stroke

A

intracranial
between dura mater and skull

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26
Q

order of mater outside -> inside

A

dura mater
arachnoid mater
pia mater

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27
Q

meninges are composed of

A

dura, arachnoid, and pia mater

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28
Q

which artery supplies the brainstem?

A

basilar artery

29
Q

which artery supplies the cerebellum?

A

basilar artery

30
Q

main branches of the vertebral arteries (back)

A
  1. basilar artery
  2. posterior cerebral arteries
31
Q

which artery supplies the occipital cortex?

A

posterior cerebral artery (PCA)

32
Q

which artery supplies the thalamus?

33
Q

which artery supplies the internal capsule?

34
Q

where does the thalamus sit?

A

on top of brainstem

35
Q

branches of the internal carotid arteries?

A
  1. anterior cerebral artery (ACA)
  2. middle cerebral artery (MCA)
36
Q

which artery supplies the anterior and middle portions of the brain?

37
Q

which artery supplies the frontal and parietal lobes?

38
Q

artery of most common stroke?

39
Q

which artery supplies the lateral surfaces (sides) of the cerebrum?

40
Q

if anterior lesion,

A

nonfluent aphasia

41
Q

site of lesion that affects motor (output)

42
Q

if posterior lesion,

A

fluent aphasia

43
Q

site of lesion that affects sensory (input)

44
Q

If lesion in supramarginal gyrus, angular gyrus, and/or arcuate fasciculus, then possibly

A

conduction aphasia

45
Q

possible sites of lesion for conduction aphasia

A

supramarginal gyrus, angular gyrus, &/or arcuate fasciculus

46
Q

if lesion in deep white matter parietal region, then

A

transcortical sensory aphasia

47
Q

site of lesion for transcortical sensory aphasia,

A

deep white matter of parietal region

48
Q

if anterior AND posterior lesion, then

A

global aphasia

49
Q

global aphasia sites

A

anterior AND posterior lesions

50
Q

if lesion in parietal or frontal regions, then

A

anomic aphasia

51
Q

anomic aphasia lesion site

A

parietal or frontal lobes

52
Q

anterior =
(motor or sensory)

53
Q

posterior =
(motor or sensory)

54
Q

front region =

55
Q

back region =

56
Q

output

57
Q

input

58
Q

nonfluent

A

output/anterior/motor

59
Q

fluent

A

input/posterior/sensory

60
Q

% of pop that is left brain dominant for language

61
Q

best Tx for stroke

A

prevention

62
Q

corpus callosum allows

A

left and right brain to communicate

63
Q

public education about a “brain attack” (stroke)

A

signs & symptoms
FAST (face, arms, speech, time)

64
Q

FDA approved Tx for stroke

A
  1. mechanical thrombectomy or embolectomy devices
  2. clot-busting drugs
  3. stent
65
Q

experimental Tx for stroke

A
  1. DSPA (bats)
  2. nanobubbles
  3. transnasal drugs
  4. vagus nerve stimulation
66
Q

tPA cannot be given if

A

a person is already on blood thinners

67
Q

must administer tPA w/in

A

4.5 hours of onset of symptoms

68
Q

“mohawk” part of brain

Adult Language Assessment (22 decks)

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