Exam 1 - Chapter 7

Question 1

Pathogenesis of Edema

Answer 1

1. Increased hydrostatic pressure
2. Decreased oncotic pressure
3. Increased permeability
4. Lymphatic obstruction

Question 2

Periorbital Edema

Answer 2

Facial edema

Question 3

Active Hyperemia

Answer 3

Dilatation of arterioles, results in blushing

Question 4

Passive Hyperemia

Answer 4

Slowing of venous flow, results in edema

Question 5

Arterial Hemorrhage

Answer 5

Bright red, pulsating fast

Question 6

Venous Hemorrhage

Answer 6

Dark red, steady slow

Question 7

Capillary Hemorrhage

Answer 7

Bright red, steady slow

Question 8

Hemoptysis

Answer 8

Respiratory tract bleeding

Question 9

Metrorrhagia

Answer 9

Uterovaginal bleeding

Question 10

Melena

Answer 10

Blood in stool

Question 11

Stages of Shock

Answer 11

1. Vasoconstriction
2. Capillary and Venule Opening
3. Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
4. Multiple Organ Failure

Question 12

Capillary and Venule Opening

Answer 12

Occurs with a 15-25% decrease in blood volume. Heart rate increases but BP stays the same. This results in blood not being able to deliver enough oxygen (hypoxemia) and with not enough oxygen, the blood gets too acidic (acidosis). Fluid replacement is needed to stop progression

Question 13

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)

Answer 13

Occurs with 25-35% decrease in blood volume. BP lowers. Needs blood replacement

Question 14

Multiple Organ Failure

Answer 14

Blood pressure drastically drops. Organ damage becomes irreversible. Usually its hepatic failure, then renal failure, then heart failure. Cells can no longer use oxygen and metabolism drops

Question 15

Three Successive Phases of Shock

Answer 15

Compensated, Decompensated, and Irreversible (MOD)

Question 16

Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS)

Answer 16

A fatal inflammatory response that has two or more signs of systemic inflammation such as fever, tachycardia, tachypnea, and leukocytosis