Exam 1 - Case Studies

Question 1

Painless, itchy rash that’s eczematous

Fixed mass in breast

Answer 1

Paget’s Disease (Breast Carcinoma Part 2)

Pg. 196

Question 2

Fixed, hard mass in breast
Family history of breast cancer
Started period at 11
Pre-menopausal
Obese
Retraction of skin and nipple (orange peel)

Answer 2

Breast Carcinoma (Part 1)
Pg. 197

Question 3

Shortness of breath for past 6 months
Renal failure
Cardiomyopathy
Fat-pad biopsy reveals Apple-green birefringence from Congo red stain

Answer 3

Amyloidosis

Pg. 296

Question 4

4cm mass in breast
No family history of breast cancer
Mass is round, rubbery, and mobile
Biopsy reveals connective tissue and cystic spaces in mass

Answer 4

Phyllodes Tumor (Benign Tumor of the Breast)
Pg. 195

Question 5

30 years old
Bilateral pain in both breasts
No family history of breast cancer
No nipple discharge
Mass is cyst like

Answer 5

Fibrocystic Disease of the Breast

Pg. 194

Question 6

HIV positive 35 year old male

Reddish-purple skin lesions on face, arms, and trunk

Answer 6

Kaposi’s Sarcome

Pg. 49

Question 7

Woman in labor with second child
Complications with first pregnancy
Mom is Rh- and baby is Rh+

Answer 7

Erythroblastosis Fetalis

Pg. 13

Question 8

2 month old
Diaper rash
Diarrhea
Not gaining weight
Low levels of all immunoglobulins

Answer 8

SCID

Pg. 292

Question 9

4 month old
Cleft palate
Tetralogy of Fallot
Hypocalcemia
Suspect developmental failure of thymus (and consequently, T cells)

Answer 9

DiGeorge’s Syndrome

Pg. 291

Question 10

Clumsy
Falls while walking
Hyper mobile joints
Hyper extensive skin

Answer 10

Ehler’s-Danlos Syndrome

Pg. 274

Question 11

Kidney transplant
Within 10 minutes the kidney is failing
Blood starts to come out of urine
Doctor has to remove the new kidney

Answer 11

Hyperacute Organ Rejection

Pg. 288

Question 12

Put latex gloves on
Patient is gasping for air within seconds
Order nurse to get epinephrine

Answer 12

Type I Hypersensitivity

Pg. 287

Question 13

Bouts of arthritis on wrists hips and knees
Gradually lost scalp hair
Lost 20 lbs in a year
Butterfly rash over nose and cheeks

Answer 13

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SER/Lupus)

Pg. 269