Exam 1: Chapter 3: Genomics, Proteomics, and Metabolomics

Question 1

What does genomics deal with?

Answer 1

Advanced information processing, nature of gene and genome evolution, whether genes/genome are currently functioning, and how they are related to the phenotype.

*AGENP

Question 2

What is a phenotype?

Answer 2

information about what proteins actually do

Question 3

When RNA is expressed…..

Answer 3

proteins will always be expressed and functional

Question 4

Top-down study of physiology

Answer 4

starts with the function first, then what tissue functions are associated, then what proteins are associated, and finally what genes are associate

Question 5

Bottom-up study of physiology

Answer 5

start with the genes and goes towards function

Question 6

Transcriptomics

Answer 6

A measure of which mRNAs (pol 2 products) are generated; lets you know the genes that are turned on

Question 7

Exercise can trigger…

Answer 7

differential expression

Question 8

exercise is followed by increased…

Answer 8

transpiration of groups of genes

Question 9

DNA microarrays can help study

Answer 9

transcription of thousands of genes at once

Question 10

Example: leg exercise befored daily on one leg; results showed

Answer 10

a buildup of proteins incrementally, day after day; hybridization occurred in some genes of the excised leg that wouldn’t be there otherwise

Question 11

Transcriptomics

Answer 11

making changes to protein synthesis can shed light on gene function; knock outs or over expression

Question 12

CRISPR/Cas 9

Answer 12

bacteria defend themselves against bacteriophage genes; double strand breaks in gene make them dysfunctional

Question 13

knock out method

Answer 13

express genes in embryo and then knock it out in adults, can show its function

Question 14

proteomics

Answer 14

proteins coded by many genes are unknown; it cant be predicated the entire number of proteins in a cell from transcription alone

Question 15

mRNA amount can be _________, proteins can not

Answer 15

quantified

Question 16

Studying sherpas that live at high altitudes; they require a great amount of what?

Answer 16

adaptation

Question 17

Why do sherpas require adaptation?

Answer 17

carrying heavy loads; performing constant exercise and adaptation

Question 18

Thigh muscle biopsies on tibetan sherpas compared to those living at lower altitudes showed

Answer 18

myloglobin was higher in those living at greater altitudes; glutathione-s-transferase was present

Question 19

Increased myloglobin in sherpas functions to:

Answer 19

move oxygen in muscle cells; allows them to carry more O2

Question 20

glutathione-s-transferase in sherpas functions to:

Answer 20

may be protective; protect against muscle breakdown

Question 21

metabolomics

Answer 21

explains the biochemical phenotypes; explains metabolic pathways and how they are regulated

Question 22

metabolomics involves:

Answer 22

all effects that are detectable and may be ones for which there is no explanation