Exam 1 CH 1-4 Flashcards
Most intraplate volcanic activity occurs where___
hot mantle plumes rise toward the surface within a plate
Which mineral is easily soluble in water at room temperature conditions?
halite
If the feature labeled F in Figure 10-2 was exposed to erosion and reached over 100 square kilometers in area, it would be classified as a ____
batholith
The resistance of a mineral to being scratched is called ____
hardness
The igneous rock texture that is characterized by two distinctly different crystal sizes is called ____
porphyritic texture
What volcanic feature is illustrated at A in Figure 10-2?
continental volcanic arc
Highly explosive volcanoes tend to have what type of magma?
magma with high silica, high viscosity, and higher gas content
Which the following denotes the positively charged particles in an atom’s nucleus?
protons
What mineral is the hardest known substance in nature?
diamond
Which of the following properties is generally the least useful in identifying minerals?
color
The ion at the center of a silicon-oxygen tetrahedron is surrounded by ____________.
four oxygen ions
Mohs scale is used to determine what property of minerals?
hardness
What is a naturally occurring, inorganic solid with an orderly crystalline structure and a definite chemical composition?
a mineral
True or False:
Rocks are aggregates of one or more minerals.
true
Lava that cools so quickly that ions do not have time to arrange themselves into crystals will form igneous rocks with a ____.
glassy texture
Which of the following factors helps determine whether a volcanic eruption will be violent or relatively quiet?
all of the above
The process of mineral formation from magma is called ____.
crystallization
A caldera is a ____.
large depression in a volcano
What is the most abundant gas associated with volcanic activity?
water vapor
Minerals with the silicon-oxygen structure, shown in Figure 2-1, are classified into what group?
silicates
Which one of the following mineral groups exhibits a sheet-like silicate structure?
micas
As the temperature of lava increases, ____.
its viscosity decreases
Atoms that have an electrical charge due to a gain or loss of electrons are called __________.
ions
As the rate of cooling of igneous rocks increases, the size of the crystals that form ____.
decreases
What type of volcano is built almost entirely from ejected lava fragments?
cinder cone
The most violent volcanic eruptions are associated with what type of volcano?
composite cones
The most common mineral group in Earth’s crust is the ____.
silicates
Magma forms when solid rock in the crust and upper mantle ____.
melts
Which of the following factors affects the melting point of rock?
all of the above
Which of the following minerals will fizz in contact with hydrochloric acid?
calcite
A lava flow with a surface of rough, jagged blocks and sharp, angular projections is called a(n) ____.
aa flow
What determines the properties of a mineral?
composition and structure
Most of the active volcanoes on Earth are located in a belt known as the ____.
Ring of Fire
The color of the powdered form of a mineral is called ____.
streak
Crater Lake in Oregon was produced when ____.
the summit of a volcano collapsed
Which of the following is NOT considered to be a rock?
lava
The tendency of minerals to break along smooth flat surfaces is called ____
cleavage
The particles produced in volcanic eruptions are called ____.
The particles produced in volcanic eruptions are called ____.
When two or more elements bond together in definite proportions, they form a(n) ____.
compounds
What feature is labeled D in Figure 10-1?
crater
The broad, slightly dome-shaped volcanoes of Hawaii are ____.
Shield volcanoes
