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College Geology > Exam 1 CH 1-4 > Flashcards

Exam 1 CH 1-4 Flashcards

1
Q

Most intraplate volcanic activity occurs where___

A

hot mantle plumes rise toward the surface within a plate

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2
Q

Which mineral is easily soluble in water at room temperature conditions?

A

halite

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3
Q

If the feature labeled F in Figure 10-2 was exposed to erosion and reached over 100 square kilometers in area, it would be classified as a ____

A

batholith

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4
Q

The resistance of a mineral to being scratched is called ____

A

hardness

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5
Q

The igneous rock texture that is characterized by two distinctly different crystal sizes is called ____

A

porphyritic texture

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6
Q

What volcanic feature is illustrated at A in Figure 10-2?

A

continental volcanic arc

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7
Q

Highly explosive volcanoes tend to have what type of magma?

A

magma with high silica, high viscosity, and higher gas content

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8
Q

Which the following denotes the positively charged particles in an atom’s nucleus?

A

protons

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9
Q

What mineral is the hardest known substance in nature?

A

diamond

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10
Q

Which of the following properties is generally the least useful in identifying minerals?

A

color

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11
Q

The ion at the center of a silicon-oxygen tetrahedron is surrounded by ____________.

A

four oxygen ions

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12
Q

Mohs scale is used to determine what property of minerals?

A

hardness

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13
Q

What is a naturally occurring, inorganic solid with an orderly crystalline structure and a definite chemical composition?

A

a mineral

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14
Q

True or False:

Rocks are aggregates of one or more minerals.

A

true

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15
Q

Lava that cools so quickly that ions do not have time to arrange themselves into crystals will form igneous rocks with a ____.

A

glassy texture

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16
Q

Which of the following factors helps determine whether a volcanic eruption will be violent or relatively quiet?

A

all of the above

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17
Q

The process of mineral formation from magma is called ____.

A

crystallization

18
Q

A caldera is a ____.

A

large depression in a volcano

19
Q

What is the most abundant gas associated with volcanic activity?

A

water vapor

20
Q

Minerals with the silicon-oxygen structure, shown in Figure 2-1, are classified into what group?

A

silicates

21
Q

Which one of the following mineral groups exhibits a sheet-like silicate structure?

A

micas

22
Q

As the temperature of lava increases, ____.

A

its viscosity decreases

23
Q

Atoms that have an electrical charge due to a gain or loss of electrons are called __________.

A

ions

24
Q

As the rate of cooling of igneous rocks increases, the size of the crystals that form ____.

A

decreases

25
Q

What type of volcano is built almost entirely from ejected lava fragments?

A

cinder cone

26
Q

The most violent volcanic eruptions are associated with what type of volcano?

A

composite cones

27
Q

The most common mineral group in Earth’s crust is the ____.

A

silicates

28
Q

Magma forms when solid rock in the crust and upper mantle ____.

A

melts

29
Q

Which of the following factors affects the melting point of rock?

A

all of the above

30
Q

Which of the following minerals will fizz in contact with hydrochloric acid?

A

calcite

31
Q

A lava flow with a surface of rough, jagged blocks and sharp, angular projections is called a(n) ____.

A

aa flow

32
Q

What determines the properties of a mineral?

A

composition and structure

33
Q

Most of the active volcanoes on Earth are located in a belt known as the ____.

A

Ring of Fire

34
Q

The color of the powdered form of a mineral is called ____.

A

streak

35
Q

Crater Lake in Oregon was produced when ____.

A

the summit of a volcano collapsed

36
Q

Which of the following is NOT considered to be a rock?

A

lava

37
Q

The tendency of minerals to break along smooth flat surfaces is called ____

A

cleavage

38
Q

The particles produced in volcanic eruptions are called ____.

A

The particles produced in volcanic eruptions are called ____.

39
Q

When two or more elements bond together in definite proportions, they form a(n) ____.

A

compounds

40
Q

What feature is labeled D in Figure 10-1?

A

crater

41
Q

The broad, slightly dome-shaped volcanoes of Hawaii are ____.

A

Shield volcanoes

College Geology (14 decks)

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