EXAM 1: Bones

Question 1

What forces bone to remodel?

Answer 1

stress

• WB
• muscle action

Question 2

Athletes: What may contribute to a bone breaking during activity?

Answer 2

• awkward landing
• muscles firing more
• bone hasn’t caught up

Question 3

compact bone is located here

Answer 3

diaphysis

Question 4

function of compact bone

Answer 4

• strength
• support
• structure

Question 5

concentric circles of bone laid down in compact bone

Answer 5

osteons

Question 6

Where is bone marrow located?

Answer 6

intermedullary canal

Question 7

This system in bone allows for blood flow

Answer 7

Haversian canals

Question 8

Where are nerves in the bone?

Answer 8

mostly in periosteum, don’t penetrate the bone

Question 9

What must happen to a bone to cause pain?

Answer 9

must disrupt the periosteum

Question 10

transition part of bone

Answer 10

metaphysis

Question 11

spongy bone location

Answer 11

epiphysis

Question 12

function of spongy bone

Answer 12

• structure

- stress absorption

Question 13

area of the greatest osteoblast/clast activity

Answer 13

trabeculae

Question 14

trabeculae

Answer 14

always remodeling, many bridges within the epiphysis

Question 15

What happens to the trabeculae during osteoporosis?

Answer 15

• first place to see the adverse effects of osteoporosis
• gaps where there’s no bone, increased osteoclast activity
• get a lot of fx here

Question 16

fracture type:

• burst fx in c-spine, ankle fx
• lots of small pieces

Answer 16

comminuted

Question 17

How close do bones need to be to grow back together?

Answer 17

.1 - 1 mm

Question 18

fx type:

- compression + rotary component

Answer 18

spiral

Question 19

What is problematic about spiral fx?

Answer 19

• more difficult to set

- ends don’t come together nicely

Question 20

fx types:

diagonal

Answer 20

oblique

Question 21

fx types:

• usually has a lot of force, crushed
• commonly occurs at tibial plateau in younger people

Answer 21

compression

Question 22

compression fx is common with this population

Answer 22

osteoporosis

Question 23

fx secondary to some other pathology

Answer 23

pathological fx

Question 24

With an avulsion fx, what is a major potential problem?

Answer 24

• problems with fixation

- want a larger piece because it’s difficult to fixate if it’s just a small shaving

Question 25

fx inside the capsule

Answer 25

intracapsular fx

Question 26

potential issues with intracapsular fx

Answer 26

• could have cartilage damage or scar tissue

- » predisposition to OA

Question 27

fx types

- bones don’t get close enough during healing

Answer 27

nonunion

Question 28

What are some complications to a nonunion fx?

Answer 28

• if this way long enough, bone will try to round off the ends
• can get a bony contracture

Question 29

• bone pushes through the skin

- high risk of infection

Answer 29

open fx

Question 30

Why is it difficult to immobilize an open fx?

Answer 30

• need I&D

- can’t cover it up because of the wound

Question 31

How are open fx often immobilized?

Answer 31

internal or external fixation

Question 32

What is important to monitor with a patient with an open fx?

Answer 32

• cardinal signs of infection

- esp streaking