EXAM 1: Bones Flashcards
What forces bone to remodel?
stress
- WB
- muscle action
Athletes: What may contribute to a bone breaking during activity?
- awkward landing
- muscles firing more
- bone hasn’t caught up
compact bone is located here
diaphysis
function of compact bone
- strength
- support
- structure
concentric circles of bone laid down in compact bone
osteons
Where is bone marrow located?
intermedullary canal
This system in bone allows for blood flow
Haversian canals
Where are nerves in the bone?
mostly in periosteum, don’t penetrate the bone
What must happen to a bone to cause pain?
must disrupt the periosteum
transition part of bone
metaphysis
spongy bone location
epiphysis
function of spongy bone
- structure
- stress absorption
area of the greatest osteoblast/clast activity
trabeculae
trabeculae
always remodeling, many bridges within the epiphysis
What happens to the trabeculae during osteoporosis?
- first place to see the adverse effects of osteoporosis
- gaps where there’s no bone, increased osteoclast activity
- get a lot of fx here
fracture type:
- burst fx in c-spine, ankle fx
- lots of small pieces
comminuted
How close do bones need to be to grow back together?
.1 - 1 mm
fx type:
- compression + rotary component
spiral
What is problematic about spiral fx?
- more difficult to set
- ends don’t come together nicely
fx types:
diagonal
oblique
fx types:
- usually has a lot of force, crushed
- commonly occurs at tibial plateau in younger people
compression
compression fx is common with this population
osteoporosis
fx secondary to some other pathology
pathological fx
With an avulsion fx, what is a major potential problem?
- problems with fixation
- want a larger piece because it’s difficult to fixate if it’s just a small shaving
fx inside the capsule
intracapsular fx
potential issues with intracapsular fx
- could have cartilage damage or scar tissue
- » predisposition to OA
fx types
- bones don’t get close enough during healing
nonunion
What are some complications to a nonunion fx?
- if this way long enough, bone will try to round off the ends
- can get a bony contracture
- bone pushes through the skin
- high risk of infection
open fx
Why is it difficult to immobilize an open fx?
- need I&D
- can’t cover it up because of the wound
How are open fx often immobilized?
internal or external fixation
What is important to monitor with a patient with an open fx?
- cardinal signs of infection
- esp streaking
