Exam 1 - ABX 1

Question 1

antimicrobials

Answer 1

• medications that slow or inhibit the growth of bacteria, or kill bacteria
• naturally occur in nature
• synthetic or semi-synthetic

Question 2

bacteriostatic

Answer 2

• medications that slow or inhibit bacterial growth

Question 3

broad spectrum

Answer 3

• effective against numerous organisms
• taking a ‘shot-gun’ approach
• don’t know what the specific organism is

Question 4

narrow spectrum

Answer 4

• effective against a few species of organisms
• using a ‘BB gun’ approach
• know the organism and what drug is sensitive to

Question 5

selective toxicity

Answer 5

• toxic to a specific cell while ‘sparing’ other ‘normal’ cells in close proximity

Question 6

resistance

Answer 6

• ability of an organism to survive against an antimicrobial or to render the antimicrobial ineffective
• innate or acquired

Question 7

super infection

Answer 7

• an infection that occurs because of during treatment for a primary infection

Question 8

prophylactic antibiotic use

Answer 8

• antibiotics that are used to prevent infection

Question 9

sputum culture

Answer 9

• gram stain
• culture and sensitivity

Question 10

urine culture

Answer 10

• urinalysis
• culture and sensitivity

Question 11

blood culture

Answer 11

• aerobic and anaerobic bottles
• 2 sets
• one should always be peripheral
• skin organisms can contaminate

Question 12

minimum inhibitory concentration

Answer 12

• lowest amount of drug that inhibits bacterial growth
• does not kill organism

Question 13

minimum bactericidal concentration

Answer 13

• lowest concentration that kills the organism

Question 14

nosocomial infections

Answer 14

• infections that occur within a healthcare facility

Question 15

resistance to a specific drug

Answer 15

MRSA

Question 16

resistance to an antimicrobial class

Answer 16

CRE

Question 17

resistance to multiple drugs/classes

Answer 17

MDRO

Question 18

bactericidal

Answer 18

• medications that kill bacteria