Exam 1 Flashcards
what are the symptoms of depression or MDD
SIGECAPS
sleep, interest, guilt, energy, concentration, appetite, psychomotor, suicidal ideation
what is the epidemiology of depression
leading cause of disability in the US more prevalent in women at risk if very young or very old at risk if single or divorced seasonality
describe MDD
major depressive disorder
symptoms present for two weeks
no history of manic behavior
symptoms are SIGECAPS
describe dysthymia
sad or in the dumps
chronically depressed mood (for at least 2 yrs)
what are the biological correlations with depression
hereditary may be involved
deficiency of norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine
possible excessive cholinergic transmission
diminished release of thyroid stimulating hormone
what are the physiological correlations with depression
medication side effects neurological disorders electrolyte disturbances hormonal disorder nutritional deficiencies
loss is internalized and becomes directed against the ego
psychoanalytical theory
learned helplessness
gives up due to numerous failures
learning theory
despair due to loss of significant other
object loss
primary depression disturbances are cognitive
cognitive theory
three factors of cognitive theory
negative expectations of environment
negative expectations of self
negative expectations of future
(think ANT)
what is ANT
automatic negative thinking
describe childhood depression
precipitated by a loss
therapy focus is to alleviate symptoms and strengthen coping skills
describe adolescence depression
visible manifestation of behavioral change that lasts several weeks
precipitant to suicide is abandonment
what is important to keep in mind about antidepressants
they have an increased risk of suicidal ideation
what antidepressants are commonly given to children/adolescents
Prozac and Lexipro
what is senescence
depression in elderly
bereavement overload
increased risk of suicide
antidepressant, electroconvulsive, psychosocial therapy
describe the symptoms of post partum depression
fatigue, irritability, decreased appetite, sleep disturbance
what are the different degrees of post partum depression
blues: (50-85%) in the 1st 2 weeks
depression: (13%) in 1st year
psychosis: (.01%) in 1st 3 mos
what are the stages of the depression continuum
transient, mild, moderate, severe
describe transient depression
symptoms not necessarily dysfunctional
in the blues
feeling tired and listless
describe mild depression
identified as those associated with normal grieving
anger, anxiety, tearful, regression
describe moderate depression
associated with dysthmic disorder
helplessness, powerless
describe severe depression
MDD and bipolar depression
flat affect, no communication, delusions, suicidal ideation
nursing diagnosis r/t depressed mood, worthlessness, anger, misinterpretation of reality
risk for suicide
nursing diagnosis r/t perceived loss, bereavement overload
complicated grieving
nursing diagnosis r/t learned helplessness, feeling abandoned
low self esteem
nursing diagnosis r/t complicated grieving and helplessness
powerlessness
nursing diagnosis r/t egocentric, fear of rejection
social isolation
nursing diagnosis r/t withdrawl into self, ego, impaired cognition
disturbed thought process
other nursing diagnoses r/t depression
imbalanced nutrition, insomnia, self care deficit
thought to increase levels of biogenic amines
electroconvulsive therapy
this causes mini seizures (shuffles around neurotransmitters)
NOT 1st line, used for SEVERE depression
electrovonvulsive therapy
meds given with ECT
pretreatment, muscle relaxant, short acting anesthetic
IMPORTANT nursing care following ECT
*airway management
watch airway/breathing as ECT causes relaxation of respiratory muscles
