Chapter 15 Schizophrenia Flashcards
skhizo
split
phren
mind
schizophrenia causes disturbances in what
Thought processes
Perception
Affect
with schizophrenia there is…
a severe deterioration of social and occupational functioning
lifetime prevalence of schizophrenia in US
about 1 percent
Premorbid behavior of the patient with schizophrenia can be…
viewed in 4 phases
describe phase 1
premorbid phase Social maladjustment Antagonistic thoughts and behavior Shy and withdrawn Poor peer relationships Doing poorly in school Antisocial behavior
describe phase 2
prodromal phase
Lasts from a few weeks to a few years
Deterioration in role functioning and social withdrawal
Substantial functional impairment
Sleep disturbance, anxiety, irritability
Depressed mood, poor concentration, fatigue
Perceptual abnormalities, ideas of reference, and suspiciousness herald onset of psychosis
describe phase 3
active schizophrenia
psychotic symptoms are prominent:
Delusions, Hallucinations, Impairment in work, social relations, and self-care
describe phase 4
Symptoms similar to those of the prodromal phase.
Flat affect and impairment in role functioning are prominent.
Is a return to full premorbid functioning common
no
biological influences of schizophrenia
excess of dopamine genetics Viral infection Anatomical abnormalities Histological changes in brain
physiological influences of schizophrenia
Epilepsy Huntington’s disease Birth trauma Head injury in adulthood Alcohol abuse Cerebral tumor Cerebrovascular accident Systemic lupus erythematosus Myxedema Parkinsonism Wilson’s disease
predisposing environmental factors
poverty, Downward drift hypothesis, stressful life
Poor social conditions seen as consequence of, rather than a cause of, schizophrenia
Downward drift hypothesis
Schizophrenia is most likely a _____ _____disease, the onset of which is influenced by ____________________
biologically based; factors in the internal or external environment
The existence of prominent, nonbizarre delusions
delusional disorder
types of delusions
Erotomanic type, Grandiose type, Jealous type, Persecutory type, Somatic type, Mixed type
Sudden onset of symptoms
May or may not be preceded by a severe psychosocial stressor
Lasts less than 1 month
Return to full premorbid level of functioning
brief psychotic disorder
The presence of prominent hallucinations and delusions that are judged to be directly attributable to substance intoxication or withdrawal
Substance-induced psychotic disorder
what are catatonic features associated with
other psychotic disorders, such as brief psychotic disorder, schizophreniform disorder, schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and substance-induced psychotic disorder
Symptoms of catatonic disorder
Stupor and muscle rigidity or excessive, purposeless motor activity
Waxy flexibility, negativism, echolalia, echopraxia
Same symptoms as schizophrenia with the exception that the duration of the disorder has been at least 1 month but less than 6 months
Schizophreniform disorder
Schizophrenic symptoms accompanied by a strong element of symptomatology associated with the mood disorders either mania or depression
Schizoaffective disorder
False personal beliefs
delusions
Ideas that one’s thoughts or behaviors have control over specific situations
magical thinking
what are the positive symptoms of schizophrenia
content of thought, form of thought, perception, sense of self
what falls under content of thought
delusions, religiosity, magical thinking, paranoia
what falls under form of thought
associative looseness, neologisms, concrete thinking, clang association, word salad, circumstantiality, tangentality, mutism, persevertion
Persistent repetition of the same word or idea in response to different questions
persevertion
Delay in reaching the point of a communication because of unnecessary and tedious details
Circumstantiality
Inability to get to the point of communication due to introduction of many new topics
Tangentiality
Made-up words that have meaning only to the person who invents them
Neologisms
Shift of ideas from one unrelated topic to another
loose association
interpretation of stimuli through the senses
perception
False sensory perceptions not associated with real external stimuli
hallucinations
Misperceptions of real external stimuli
illusions
The uniqueness and individuality a person feels
sense of self
what falls under sense of self
echolalia, echopraxia, identification, depersonalization
what are the negative symptoms of schizophrenia
affect (bland, flat, apathy), volition, Impaired interpersonal functioning and relationship to the external world, Psychomotor behavior
Impairment in the ability to initiate goal-directed activity
volition
Deficiency of energy
anergia
Passive yielding of all movable parts of the body to any effort made at placing them in certain positions
waxy flexibility
negative psychomotor behavior
volition, anergia, waxy flexibility, posturing, pacing and rocking, regression, Anhedonia
Inability to experience pleasure
Anhedonia
implementation for Disturbed Sensory Perception
Observe the client for signs of hallucinations.
Help client understand connections between anxiety and hallucinations.
Distract the client from hallucinations.
implementation for Disturbed Thought Processes
Do not argue or deny the belief.
Reinforce and focus on reality.
implementation for Impaired Verbal Communication
Facilitate trust and understanding.
Orient the client to reality.
