Chapter 1 Flashcards
The concepts of mental health and mental illness are _______ _______
culturally defined
what is at the top of Maslow’s Hierarchy
self actualization
this is the succesful adaptation to stressors from the internal or external environment, evidenced by thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that are age appropriate and congruent with local and cultural norms
mental health
what are Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
1) physiological needs 2) safety and security 3) love and belonging 4) self esteem 5) self actualization
maladaptive responses to stressors from the internal or external environment, evidenced by thoughts, feelings and hegabiors that are incongruent with the local and cultural norms that interfere with the individual’s functioning
mental illness
who published stages of the physical reponse to stress
Seleye
General Adaption Syndrome
what are the stages of the general adaption syndrome
1) alarm reaction stage
2) stage of resistance
3) stage of exhaustion
without intervention, what follows the stage of exhaustion
death
what are the biological responses associated with the fight or flight syndrome
immediate and sustained responses
what occurs during the immediate response
the hypothalmaus stimulates the sympathetic nervous system which causes:
epiniephrine secretion, pupil dilation, lacrimal gland secretion, bronchodilation, RR increased, and increase of cardiac output, heart rate and BP
what occurs during the sustained response
occurs when the stress respnose is not relieved immediately and causes:
glucocorticoids, retention of sodium/water, ADH, increased serum glucose, increased basal metabolic rate, decreased sex hormones
who identified certain elements associated with individual’s perceptions of mental illness
Horwitz
Horwitz describes cultural influences that affect how individuals view mental illness, which include
Incomprehensibility and Cultural relativity
The “normality” of behavior is determined by the culture.
Cultural relativity
The inability of the general population to understand the motivation behind the behavior
incomprehensibility
the state manifested by a specific syndrome which consists of all the nonspecifically induced changes within a biologic system
stress (fight or flight syndrome)
primary psychological response patterns to stress
anxiety and grief
is determined by the extent to which the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors interfere with an individual’s functioning
adaption
A diffuse apprehension that is vague in nature and is associated with feelings of uncertainty and helplessness
Extremely common in our society
anxiety
is adaptive and can provide motivation for survival.
mild anxiety
Peplau’s four levels of anxiety
mild, moderate, severe, panic
describe the levels of anxiety
Mild: Seldom a problem
Moderate: Perceptual field begins to diminish
Severe: Perceptual field diminishes greatly
Panic: The most intense state
not all defense mechanisms are ______
negative
individuals employ various coping mechanisms to deal with stress
at the mild level (ie/ eating, drinking, and sleeping)
the strength of the ego is tested, occurs under stressful situations and anxiety
at the mild to moderate level
why are ego defense mechanisms employed
for protection
covering up a real or perceived weakness by emphasizing a trait one considers more desirable
compensation
refusing to acknoledge the existence of a real situation or the feelings associated with it
denial
the transfer of feelings from one target to another that is considered less threatening or that is neutral
displacement
attempting to make excuses or formulate logical reasons to justify unacceptable feelings or behaviors
rationalization
preventing unacceptable or undesirable thoughts or behaviors from being expressed by exaggerating opposite thoughts or types of behaviors
reaction formation
responding to stress by retreating to an earlier level of development and the comfort measures associated with that level of functioning
regression
an attept to increase self worth by acquiring certain attributes and characteristics of an individual one admires
identification
involuntary blocking unpleasant feelings an experiences from one’s awareness
repression
an attempt to avoid expressing actual emotions associated with a stressful situation by using intellectual processes of logic, reasoning, and analysis
intellectualization
rechanneling of drives or impulses that are personally or socially unacceptable into activities that are constructive
sublimation
integrating the beliefs and values of antoher indiviudal into one’s own ego structure
introjection
the voluntary blocking of unpleasant feelings and experiences from one’s awareness
suppression
separating a thought or memory from the feeling, tone, or emotion associated with it
isolation
symbolically negating or canceling out an experience that one finds intolerable
undoing
attributing feelings or impulses unacceptable to one’s self to antoher person
projection
anxiety at what level can lead to physiologicla disorders
moderate to severe level
what can result in phychoneurotic patterns of behaving
repressed severe anxiety
anxiety at what level can result in psychosis
Extended periods of functioning at the panic level of anxiety
Examples of psychotic disorders
schizophrenia, schizoaffective, and delusional disorders
significant thought disturbance in which reality testing is impaired, resulting in delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech or catatonic behavior
psychosis
individual is unaware of any psychological problem
anosognosia
The subjective state of emotional, physical, and social responses to the loss of a valued entity
grief
the loss associate with grief..
may be real or perceived
what are the 5 stages of grief
1) Denial
2) Anger
3) Bargaining
4) Depression
5) Acceptance
who identified the 5 stages of grief
Kubler-Ross
The experiencing of the grief process before the actual loss occurs
Anticipatory grief
Length of the grief process is entirely individual; it can last from a few weeks to years; it is influenced by a number of factors
resolution
what does anticipatory grief do
shorten the grief response when the loss actually occurs
often lengthens the grieving process
guilt
Resolution of the grief response occurs when
when an individual can look back on the relationship with the lost entity and accept both the pleasures and the disappointments of the association
Maladaptive grief responses
Prolonged response
Delayed/inhibited response
Distorted response
intense preoccupation with memories of the lost entitiy for many years after the loss has occurred
prolonged response
indiviudal becomes fixed in the denial stage of the grieving process
delayed response
individual is fixed in the anger stage of grieving
distorted response
