Antipsychotics Flashcards
what are antipsychotics used for
decrease agitation and psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders
what are antipsychotics also known as
neuroleptics
what is the action of first generation antipsychotics
block dopamine receptors
target positive symptoms (can make negative symptoms worse)
describe first generation antipsychotics
typical
inexpensive
many side effects (dry pt out, significant EPS)
describe second generation antipsychotics
atypical weaker dopamine blockers less symptoms early EPS TD
what will MOST antipsychotics cause
patient weight gain
increased prolactin levels (increased breast tissue)
what are the schizophrenia A words
anergia, affect, anhedonia, apathy, ambivalence, anosognosia
deficiency of energy
anergia
inability to experience pleasure
anhedonia
indifference of disinterest in environment
apathy
coexistence of opposite emotions towards same subject, object, or situation
ambivalence
lack of insight or awareness of personal illness
anosognosia
feelings of despair, quickly converting to unrestrained merriment and ecstasy
labile
what are the side effects of extrapyramidal
akinesia, akathisisa, dystonia, oculogyric crisis
muscle weakness
akinesia
continuous restlessness/fidgeting
akathisia
involuntary muscle movement
spasms in face, arms, legs and neck
dystonia
uncontrolled rolling back of the eyes
oculogyric crisis
what side effects of EPS should be treated as an emergency and why
dystonia and oculogyric crisis due to laryngospasm
what is prescribed to reverse EPS symtpoms
Benadryl Antiparkinsonian agents (anticholinergics, antihistamine)
can you drink alcohol with antipsychotics
no
what is schizoaffective
mood disorder (depression or mania0 + schizophrenia
type of delusional disorder where pt believes someone of a higher status is in love with them
erotomanic
this is the most common medication that is known to trigger a manic response
steroids
what is the acute and maintenance therapeutic levels of lithium
acute: 1-1.5
maintenance: 0.6-1.2
lithium education
take regularly drowsiness/dizziness is common carry id that says pt is on lithium weight gain is common serum needs to be checked every 1-2 mos
side effects to notify provider of if on lithium
nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
can cause sodium loss
toxiicity symptoms of lithium
NVD, ataxia, blurred vision, tinnitus, increased tremors and urine output
when should restraints be reissued and observed
adults: every 4 hours
kids: every 1-2 hours
observed every 15 min
what is VERY importanat to monitor if patient is on clozapine
agranulocytosis- fatal blood disorder that decreases WBC to very low levels
education of antipsychotics
do not stop abruptly wear sunscreen report weekly for blood draws risks with pregnancy do not drink alcohol do not take with other meds unless provider approved
movement disorder
muscles contract involuntarily
stiffness and pain
can be caused by antipsychotics
dystonic reaction
side effects of antipsychotics
anticholinergic effects, NVD, skin rash, sedation, orthostatic HTN, photosensitivity, hormonal effects, EKG changes, hypersalivation, weight gain, hyperglycemina/diabetes, decrease seizure threshold, agranulocytosis, EPS, TD, neuroleptic malignant
