Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microbiology > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

____ is the study of microorganisms/microbes.

A

Microbiology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

____ are living organisms that are usually too small to be seen with the naked eye.

A

Microorganisms/Microbes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

6 main classes of microorganisms.

A 
Viruses
Bacteria
Archaea
Fungi
Protozoa
Algae
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

____ are acellular, have no nucleus, no organelles, no cytoplasm, and are so small an electron microscope is needed to see them.

A

Viruses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

____ are not considered to be living when they are not living within a host cell.

A

Viruses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Viruses are oblate intracellular parasites which means?

A

Obligate Intracellular Parasites can only multiply or or replicate inside of a living host cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

____ are prokaryotes that do have DNA, they have a complex cell wall that contains peptidoglycan, and they can live where humans can’t.

A

Bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the difference between eubacteria & archaebacteria?

A

Eubacteria: Live everywhere, contain petidoglycan in cell wall
Archaebacteria: Live in extreme conditions, cell wall is chemically simple.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

____ is a polymer made of sugars and amino acids that form the (mesh like) cell wall of bacteria.

A

Peptidoglycan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

____ are microorganisms that are eukaryotic, can be unicellular&mulicellular, are photosynthetic, live in fresh or salt water, and contain cellulose in the cell walls. Usually Green in color.

A

Algae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

____ are microorganisms that are eukaryotic, are unicellular, they move (are motile), shaped differently, and have a free or parasitic lifestyle.

A

Protozoa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

___ are eukaryotes, can be uni & multicellular, contains chitin in the cell walls, absorb organic materials for nutrition, have no digestion system, and are responsible for breaking down waste by absorption.

A

Fungi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

____ is a microbe that causes a disease.

A

Pathogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

____ are organisms that reside in or on the body without causing disease.

A

Normal Microbiota (Microflora)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The effect of ____ occurs when normal microflora attempt to reduce necessary nutrients that are needed in order for pathogens to grow.

A

Microbial Antagonism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

____ is a pathogen that lives inside the host, but does not become harmful until the host’s immune system fails.

A

Opportunistic pathogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

____ is a pathogen that causes disease in any susceptible host.

A

True Pathogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

____ releases endotoxins causing mild to sever endotoxic shock.

A

Lipid A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Endotoxic shock is found in a ____ cell wall

A

G negative

20
Q

____ can live with/without a cell wall

A

L Forms

21
Q

Archaea cell walls lack ____.

A

Peptidoglycan

22
Q

____ is a unique type of dormant cell that can survive extreme conditions.

A

Endospores

23
Q

____ have thick peptidoglycan, wall teoich acid, and lipoteoich acid.

A

Gram positive Cell Walls

24
Q

____ have thin peptidoglycan, and outer membrane, Lipid A, Porins, O polysaccharides, and periplasmic space.

A

Gram negative Cell Walls

25
Q

A ____ cell is bigger, has a membrane bound nucleus, performs mitosis, has a cytoskeleton, contains big ribosomes, and has membrane bound organelles. (plants animals, fungus, and protists)

A

Eukaryotic

26
Q

A ____ cell is smaller, has an unbound nucleoid, circular DNA, performs binary fission, has a complex cell wall and has small ribosomes. ( all bacteria)

A

Prokaryotic

27
Q

The ____ is an outer viscous covering of fibers extending from bacterium and is composed of polysaccharide or polypeptide subunits.

A

Glycocalyx

28
Q

The ____ enables certain bacteria to resist phagocytic engulfment by white blood cells, enables some bacteria to stick to environmental surfaces, and protects the bacteria from dehydration.

A

Glycocalyx

29
Q

____ are long thing helical appendages that are attached to bacteria to help make them toile.

A

Flagella

30
Q

What are the 3 basic parts of the flagella?

A

Filament - rigid, helical tail like structure
Hook - the flexible coupling that connects the filament to the basal body
Basal Body- Rod and rings that anchor the flagellum to the bacteria and enables it to move

31
Q

____ are bacteria without flagella.

A

Atrichous

32
Q

_____ taxis is when the bacteria move toward an attractant.

A

Positive Taxis

33
Q

____ taxis is when the bacteria moves away from the repellent.

A

Negative Taxis

34
Q

____ is the moving/attraction of bacteria toward light.

A

Phototaxis

35
Q

____ is the moving/attraction of bacteria toward chemicals.

A

Chemotaxis

36
Q

____ are bacteria that have cell walls and then lose their ability to make them. ( Can live with/without a cell wall)

A

L forms

37
Q

____ lack cell walls or the cell wall contains no peptidoglycan.

A

Archaea

38
Q

____ do not have cell walls, but have a unique plasma membrane called sterols.

A

Mycoplasma

39
Q

_____ are organized layered systems of bacteria attached to the surface.

A

Biofilms

40
Q

___ account for 2/3 bacterial infections in humans.

A

Biolfims

41
Q

Name 3 significant factors about biofilms.

A
  1. They impede or inhibit antimicrobial drugs
  2. They allow bacteria to retain nutrients
  3. Frustrated phagocytosis impedes wound healing
42
Q

What are the 4 major processes of living cells.

A
  1. Growth
  2. Reproduction
  3. Responsiveness
  4. Metabolism
43
Q

___ is made up of 80% water, contains proteins carbohydrates, and lipids, and is known as the substance ensiled the plasma membrane.

A

Cytoplasm

44
Q

____ are the sites of protein synthesis (translation).

A

Ribosomes

45
Q

The ____ contains a single continuous circular double stranded piece of DNA, contains genetic info for structure and function, and has a chromosome attached to the plasma membrane.

A

Nucleoid

46
Q

___ has a heavy metal resistance , as well as drug resistant genes.

A

Plasmids

47
Q

____ are a unique type of dormant cell that has a type of “coat”

A

Endospores

Microbiology (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions